语法精讲-非谓语动词.docVIP

语法精讲－非谓语动词 非谓语动词的构成形式对比 （一）不定式的基本形式 动词不定式的否定形式：由“not +不定式”构成。 The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operatation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 动词不定式的被动形式：由“to be +过去分词”构成。 Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 动词不定式的进行时形式：由“to be +现在分词”构成。 When his father came in, he pretended to be reading. 动词不定式的完成形式：由“to have +过去分词”构成。 I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. have gone 动词不定式的完成形式的被动：由“to have + been +过去分词”构成。 Do let your motyher know all the truth. She appears _______ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told (二)V-ing形式的基本形式 1.V-ing形式的一般式由“动词＋ing”构成，其被动式“being + 过去分词”。 The salesman scolded the girl caught ________ and let her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing 2. V-ing形式的完成式由“having + 过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having + been + 过去分词”。 The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 3. V-ing形式的否定式为“not + V-ing”。但现代英语中，其完成式的否定也可用“having + not + 过去分词”构成。 _________ a replay, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. having not received (三)过去分词的基本形式 过去分词由“规则动词 ＋ ed”构成，不规则的则需要专门记忆。其否定则在前面加not. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ only to people with special knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 非谓语动词的功用对比 （一）作主语 只有动词不定式和V-ing形式可作主语。一般来说，这两者作主语时可互换，但不定式作主语多表示将来或某种特定的情况，而V-ing作主语则通常表示一般情况。它们作主语时，谓语多用单数。为了平衡句子，通常把不定式作主语改为 it 作形式主语，即：It’s + 名词（形容词）＋ for (of) sb. + to do sth.结构。 Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he _________ after supper is good for your health. A. Walking B. To walk C. The walk D. A walk (二)作表语 非谓语动词均可作表语。 不定式作表语：不定式常用在系动词 be, seem,