英语语法之虚拟语气.doc

虚拟语气知识要点 一、语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中有三种语气： 陈述语气：表示谓语动词表示的动作/状态符合客观现实。 祁使语气：表示号召、命令、建议、劝告、警告、禁止等。 3. 虚拟语气：表示动作/状态不是客观现实，而是愿望、假 设、推测等。 二、虚拟语气的构成 If条件句 主句 与将来的事实相反 Should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形 would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与现在的事实相反 动词过去式 + … were + … would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与过去的事实相反 ① had + 过去分词 would/should/could/might + have + 动词原形 例： ○ 与将来的事实相反： If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions. If there should be no air, there would be no living things. If it were to snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out. ○ 与现在的事实相反： 1. If it rained now, I would not go shopping. 2. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 3. If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. ○ 与过去的事实相反： 1. If I had come yesterday, I would have seen him. 2. If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train. 3. If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. ***请注意三种特殊情况： ○ 上面的句子大多都可以改成倒装句，这时If就省略了，同学们要能识别出来。如： 1. Should there be no air, there would be no living things. 2. Were it not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. 3. Had she not been ill, she might have come. ○ 错综时间条件句。即，主句与从句所指的时间不一致。 1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在，主句指过去。) 2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去，主句指现在。) ○ 含蓄条件句。即，虚拟的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中。 1. But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 2. The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 3. I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 4. We could have done better under more favorable conditions. 5. You should have been here five minutes ago. 三、were 式虚拟 ○ It’s (about/high) time that … + 过去式 1. It’s time that I picked up my daughter. 2. It’s high time we were going. 3. It’s high time that people learnt English. ○ would/had rather that … + 过去式 1. I’d rather you went tomorrow.