词汇与语法(9主谓一致2009年12月).pptVIP

英语基础知识——词汇与语法 主讲：林岚 TelEmail:linda410@163.com Agreement一致 一致指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。 主谓一致指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致。一般遵循三条原则： ①语法一致原则 ②意义一致原则 ③邻近一致原则 一、语法一致原则 语法一致原则：即主语在形式上的单复数决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。 e.g. The number of errors was surprising. Julia her twin sister naturally look a lot alike. 二、意义一致原则 意义一致原则:即主语在意义上的单复数要与谓语动词的单复数形式一致。主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 The crowd were fighting for their lives. Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. The family were watching TV last night. 昨晚全家在看电视。（主语是单数名词family，但表复数，故用复数动词were） Five minutes is enough. 五分钟就够了。(主语是复数名词minutes，但表单一概念，故用单数动词is) 三、邻近一致原则 邻近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。e.g. Only one out of five were present . Either the students or the teacher ___ here. (is) Either Tom or his brothers have to shovel the snow. 不是汤姆就是他的兄弟们必须把雪铲去。（动词have不与主语Tom一致，而与其邻近的复数名词brothers形式上一致） 一般来说，不可数名词作主语用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 四、几种特殊情况 1）当名词词组中心词为表示时间、距离、度量、价值等复数名词时，如表示抽象概念,?往往根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词通常采取单数形式; 如表示具体的多少,?强调复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. Ten dollars is not enough. Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做必要的准备。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。 Ten?minutes?is?all?that?I?can?spare?for?you. Six?thousand?dollars?is?a?large?sum?of?money?to?her. The?fifty?miles?were?covered?by?the?winner?in?three?hours. 2）如果主语由“many a, more than one +单数名词”构成，尽管从意义看是复数，仍用单数形式; 但如果more?than?one本身作主语,?谓语动词则用复数形式。由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。 Many a student has passed the exam. More?than?one?question?has?been?discussed. Many a person has read the novel.　许多人都读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。 3）连词or, either…or…,? neither…nor…,? not?only…but?also… 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词必须和靠它较近的一个名词或代词取得一致。 Either?I?or?they?are?responsible?for?it. Neither?your?unkind?words?nor?your?unfriendly?attitude?has?caused?me?any?distress.