语法 第3讲. 助动词和情态助动词.pptVIP

Unit 7. Auxiliaries 助动词 Page 252 情态动词 Page 268 情态动词表示可能时，程度有所不同，请参照下图： NN NN 助动词本身没有独立的词义，不能单独构成谓语，通常和谓语动词连用表示时态、语气或者构成否定句和疑问句。 1. 构成一般现在时态和一般过去时之外的各种时态。 She is having a meeting. I shall/will help you any time. I have been working in the company for years. Soon they would have reached their time limit and must return to the camp. He had finished the work before I arrived there. He has written the paper. 2. 和过去分词一起构成被动语态。 The documents have been signed already. The machine was made in China. Smith has been sent to California for a year. 3. 构成否定句和疑问句。 Do you often go to the library? Did you finish the exercises? I don’t like the film. He didn’t answer the question the teacher asked. 4. 加强语气。助动词可以放在实义动词前加强语气。 I do feel that way. They didn’t think I read the passages, but I did. 5. 用于替代，避免重复。 He can cook as well as she does. I thought she’d come, but she didn’t. Do you mind if I open the window? No, Please do. P258do的用法b c 4. 由had, should, would等构成虚拟语气。 If I had enough time, I would help you. If they had accepted the advice, they would have succeeded. 情态动词具有一定的意义，没有人称或数的变化，不能单独构成谓语，通常和谓语动词连用表示委婉语气、愿望、态度或者推测等意义。 might may could can should ought to would will must uncertain certain That might be George. That must be George. 可能 必须 must 推测 意志，意愿 will /would 可能 应当 should/ought to 可能（否定/疑问） 能，可以 can/could 可能 可以，可能 may/might 推测性用法 非推测性用法 情态动词 接下来以must为例讲解推测性用法 在书上找到相应的推测性用法 一、情态动词的推测性用法 1. must 可表示对实况, 或者过去情况的推断 He must remain single until now. This must be Jim’s pen. She must be living in the country this week. You must have been thinking of something recently. I can’t find my key. I must have left it in the bus. must + be/be doing/have been doing 现在 must + have done 过去 must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时 You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.（对现在情况的推测判断） He must be working in his office. must + be (be动词) 可能