语法总复习——虚拟语气09.12.ppt

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)： [例句] If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反) 2. If he were to go tomorrow，he might tell you. 要是他明天走的话，他会通知你。(与将来事实可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你) 4. If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best. 二、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. → Were I to meet him tomorrow,… If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. → Should he fail in the experiment… If I were you, I would try it again. →Were I you, I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. →Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. 三、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如： If they had studied hard at that time, they could do it easily now. If he had not taken my advice then, he wouldnt do it much better like this right now. Tom would alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night. If I were you now, I would have gone to the theatre yesterday. 四、含蓄的条件句 一些介词短语或连词, 如:but for(要不是), with,without,or, otherwise(否则), but, 表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without your help, I couldn t have finished my work on time. He was very busy, otherwise he would have come to the party. Without electricity, human life would be quite different today. The ship would have sunk but for the efforts of the captain. He would have given you more help, but he was so busy at that time. Jane could be prettier, but she doesn’t care much about her clothes. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. He telephoned to tell me your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. 1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望( wish), 建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求(demand, request