非谓语 专插本英语.ppt

* 非谓语动词 动词不定式 To do 分词 ：现在分词 （ doing ）过去分词 （ done ） 动名词 ： doing 它们在句中不作谓语。可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、 状语、补语。 1 不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1） 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作，而不定式作主语表示 具体动作。 Smoking is not allowed here .（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much .（具体） （2） 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting .（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .（经验） To study abroad has long been my dream .（未完成的事） （3） 它们都可以转换成以It 作形式主语的句子。 以下句子为错句。 Climb mountains is interesting . Climbing mountains are interesting . (Climbing ) (is ) 常用 It 作形式主语的句型： 1 It is no use doing ……=It is useless to do……=There is no use in doing……eg. It is no use crying over spilt milk .=It is useless to cry over spilt milk .=There is no use in crying over spilt milk . 2 It is + adj +for/of +sb +to do sth eg. It is difficult for me to learn English . It is kind of you to help me . 3 It takes sb some time to do sth 4 It cost sb some money to do sth 2 不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来动作。 What I would suggest is to start work at once . His wish is to buy a car in the near future . (2) 动名词作表语表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people . His hobby is collecting stamps . (动名词作表语,说明主语的性质或情况, 进行时态说明动作是由主 语完成的.) (3) 分词作表语. 表示心理状态的动词加上 ing 变成现在分词,译为 “令人……的”, 加上ed 变成过去分词, 译为“ 感到…….” Interesting/interested delighting/delighted exciting/excited Disappointing/disappointed encouraging/encouraged Pleasing/pleased puzzling/puzzled satisfying/satisfied Surprising/surprised worrying/worried Travelling is interesting but tiring . They were very excited at the news 3 不定式和动名词作宾语 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语.但有些 动词要求 : A 只能加不定式作宾语的动词: afford agree appear ask attempt beg choose decide demand design desire determine expect fail Happen hope manage plan wish pretend refuse B 只能加动名词作宾语的动词：admit appreciate avoid consider delay enjoy escape finish imagine hate keep mind miss permit practise prevent