2011年经济师考试《中级经济基础》精讲班讲义(国外英文资料).docVIP

2011年经济师考试《中级经济基础》精讲班讲义 In 2011, the economist exam, intermediate economic base, lectures, lecture notes Chapter 01 market demand, supply and equilibrium price Section 1 market demand (I) the meaning of demand 1. Demand: demand is the quantity that a consumer is willing or able to purchase for a given product or service within a given period of time and at a certain price. There are two elements of demand, and the two are indispensable. One is the desire to buy; two is the ability to buy, that is, the ability to pay. 2: market demand: in a certain period of time, under certain price conditions and certain markets, all consumers are willing or able to buy a certain quantity of goods or services. Market demand is the sum total of consumer demand. Basic factors determining demand (two) determine the basic factors of demand - mastery; The main factors that affect demand change are: (1) consumer preferences: consumer preferences govern his choice of consumption between alternatives that are of the same value or proximity. (2) personal income of consumers: Generally speaking, the increase in consumer income will lead to an increase in demand. (3) product price: in general, prices and demand changes in the opposite direction (4) the price of substitutes: substitutes are commodities that are similar in value and can replace each other to meet the same needs of the people, such as gas and electricity. Generally speaking, the demand for goods changes in the same direction as the price of substitutes. (5) price of complementary goods: complementary goods are commodities that must be supplemented with each other in the use of value to meet peoples needs. For example: cars and gasoline, household appliances and electricity. Generally, the demand for goods varies in the opposite direction with the price of the complementary goods. (6) expected: if consumers expect the price to rise, it will stimulate people to buy in advance; if the expected price will fall, many consumers will p