水轮发电机组开机特性仿真及分析 - 河海期刊.docVIP

水轮发电机组闭环开机特性仿真及优化 刘志淼，张德虎，曹林宁 （河海大学能源与电气学院，江苏 南京 211100） 摘要：针对水轮机转轮叶片裂纹现象，从水轮机调速器的开机规律对转轮的影响角度出发，建立了采用计入非线性环节的电液随动系统模型和基于模型综合特性曲线的水轮机模型的水轮发电机组闭环开机过程的仿真模型。在此基础上，分析了按一段直线规律变化的闭环开机特性，提出了考虑水轮机工作水头偏差相对值的综合指标并以此作为适应度函数，引入粒子群优化算法对开机过程PID参数进行优化。计算结果表明，按综合指标优化得到的闭环开机过程有优越的动态性能，能够有效改变机组动态效应。 关键字：叶片裂纹；开机规律；闭环开机；粒子群优化 中图分类号：TK730.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号： Simulation and Optimization of Hydraulic Tubine Closed-loop Start-up Process LIU Zhi-miao,ZHANG De-hu,CAO Lin-ning (College of Energy and Electric Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China) ABSTRACT: Aiming at the crack phenomenon of hydraulic turbine runner blade, from the aspect of the influence which the start-up law of the turbine governor has on the runner, a simulation model of closed-loop start-up process is set up, consisted of the electric-hydraulic server system with nonlinear parts and the hydraulic tubine described by model characteristic curves. And then, the closed-loop start-up features according to a straight line rule are analyzed. Considering the deviation relative value of working head, a integrated ITAE index is proposed, and treated as the fitness function of particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize PID gains during the start-up progress. Through numerical experiments, it’s found that optimizing the start-up progress by the comprehensive ITAE index can obtain superior dynamic performance and change the dynamic effect of runner efficiently. KEY WORDS: blade crack; start-up law; closed-up start-up; particle swarm optimization algorithm 水轮机转轮叶片裂纹现象在世界范围内普遍存在，如国外的大古力、萨阳等，国内的岩滩、大朝山、李家峡、小浪底等[1]。该问题严重影响水电站的安全稳定运行，是目前水电行业备受关注的难点之一。文献[2]通过对小湾水电站机组开机方式分析比较得到，在不同的开机规律下水轮机转轮叶片上的应力差别比较大，开机规律不合理成为转轮产生裂纹的重要原因之一。文献[3]结合糯扎渡水电站现场试验结果得到，延长调速器开机速率能较好地改变转轮的动态效应。由此，水轮机调速器的开机规律对水轮机有着至关重要的影响。 目前，我国水轮机调速器通常采用接力器两段开机规律和闭环开机规律[4]。接力器两段开机规律的参数选取有较严重的盲目性和任意性，并且容易受机组空载开度的影响[5][6]。闭环开机规律设置开机时的期望转速上升特性作为转速控制指令，依靠调速器闭环调节能力使机组实际转速上升跟踪期望特性，克服了两段开机规律的不足。文献[7]对线性水轮机模型下开机过程进行仿真，PID参数按推荐公式整定，但其开机过程并不是最优的。文献[