人 文 地 理(3轮)12概要1.pptVIP

人 文 地 理 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 第十二章 政治地理Political Geography Political geography is the study of the organization and distribution of political phenomena, including their impact on other spatial components of society and culture. 第十二章 政治地理Political Geography 1. National Political Systems 2. Geographic Characteristics of States 3. State Cohesiveness 4. International Political Systems 第十二章 政治地理Political Geography States , Nations A state can be defined as either (1) and of the political units forming a federal government(e.g., one of the United States ) or as (2) a recognized independent political entity holding sovereignty over a territory (e.g., the United States). In this latter sense, state is synonymous with country or nation. 第十二章 政治地理Political Geography That is ,a nation can also be defined as (1) an independent political unit holding sovereignty over a territory (e.g., a member of the United Nations). But it can also be used to describe (20 a community of people with a common ancestry , culture, and territory(e.g., the Kurdish nation). The second definition is not synonymous with state or country. 第十二章 政治地理Political Geography To avoid confusion, we shall define a state on the international level as an independent political unit occupying a defined, permanently populated territory and having full sovereign control over its internal and foreign affairs. A nation is a group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory, bound together by a strong sense of unity arising from shared beliefs and customs. 第十二章 政治地理Political Geography The size ,shape, and location of any one state combine to distinguish it from all others. These characteristics are of more than academic interest, because they also affect the power and stability of states. Size: An easy assumption would be that the larger a state’s area, the greater is the chance that it will include the ores, energy supplies, and fertile soils from whic