第六章：输水工程（Conveying Water）.PPT

第六章：輸水工程（Conveying Water） 內容 1.導水系統: 導水管=原水至淨水場， 送水系統: 送水管=淨水場至配水池或配水系統， 配水系統: 配水管=配水池或配水系統。 2.管流與明渠流之原理。 3.說明EPANET對水系統之應用。 6.1 Types of Aqueducts 輸水方法: 重力式(Open channel flow): 壓力式(Pressure flow): Types of Aqueducts 6.2 Hydraulics for Sanitary Engineering 6.2.1 Continuity Equation Q=AV 6.2.2 Flow equations 1. Open channel flow Manning equation: V=Q/A, m/sec R=A/P, m S=slope n=0.013~0.015 用在重力流。 圖9.4：Manning 公式圖解。N=0.013, Q=0.001~1 cms Ex.6.1 有一坡度0.16%矩形明渠,輸送原水供  給10萬人飲用,每人每日平均用水量為  200 lpcd,設計該矩形渠之斷面,n=0.013. 解: 1.求渠道之設計流量: Ave. daily Flow = 0.2×100000 = 20000 cmd = 0.231 cms Max. daily Flow = 1.5×20000 = 30000 cmd = 0.347 cms 2.求最佳輸水斷面: b=2d ----------(1) 3.求渠道之寬與深: (1)式代入上式 d=0.35m, b=0.7m. 4.求最大日流量下之水深: Q=0.347=bdV=0.7*dV ----(2) 解(1),(2) d=0.49 m use 0.55 m depth of channel 0.2 m for freeboard under the ave. daily flow. 5.Check velocity: V=Q/A=0.231/0.35/0.7=0.94 m/sec. V=0.347/0.7/0.49=1.01 m/sec. 6.2.2. Flow equations 2.Pressure flow a. Darcy-Weisbachs equation (pipe only) hf=Loss head, m。 L=pipe length, m。 D=dia. of pipe, m。V=m/sec。 f=friction coefficient。 for turbulent flow: for laminar flow: The relationship of f and NR are shown in Moody diagram. 圖5-11：Moody Diagram Ex.6.2 有一長10 km自來水延性鑄鐵管D=1000mm，從A點以壓力輸送0.785cms流量到B點，水溫20℃，求管內之流速及摩擦損失水頭。 解：查附錄20℃水之ν=1.01×10-6m2/sec。 Pipe 之A=πD2/4=0.785 m2 V=Q/A=0.785/0.785=1 m/sec 6.2.2. Flow equations 2.Pressure flow b. Hazen-Williams Equations: V=m/sec, R=m. Ex.6.3在Ex.6.2中若用Hazen 公式，求AB之Loss head。 解：C=140 圖6.2: Hazen-Williams公式圖解， C=100 6.2 Hydraulics for Sanitary Engineering 6.2.3 Energy equation Bernoullis equation: 6.2.4 Loss Heads 1. Major (friction) loss heads: From flow equations: 6.2.4 Loss Heads 2. Minor Loss Heads (for pipe only ) 水流流經彎管、斷面突增減或漸增減、進水口、出水口、水閥、水表、主支流會合等產生之損失。 K值 Ex.6.4： 有二個