《海洋生物专业英语》第三部分-protozoa(原生动物).ppt

Flatworms Flatworms are the simplest bilateral animals. leaflike or ribbonlike, ranging from about 1 millimeter to about 20 meters length. about 20,000 species living in marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial habitats. Planarians(涡虫） are examples of free-living(nonparasitic) flatworms The phylum also includes many parasitic species, such as flukes and tapeworms. Tapeworms parasitize many vertebrates, including humans. In contrast to planarians and flukes, most tapeworms have a very long, ribbonlike body with repeated parts They also differ from other flatworms in not having any digestive tract at all. Living in partially digested food in the intestines of their hosts, tapeworms simply absorb nutrients across their body surface. Roundworms Roundworms(Phylum Nematoda) get their common name from their cylindrical bodies, which are usually tapered at both ends. Roundworms are among the most diverse and widespread of all animals. About 90,000 species of roundworms are known, and perhaps ten times that number actually exists. Roundworms range in length from about a millimeter to a meter. They are found in most aquatic habitats, in wet soil, and as parasites in the body fluids and tissues of plants and animals. Free-living roundworms in the soil are important decomposers. Other species are major agricultural pests that attack the roots of plants. Humans host at least 50 parasitic roundworm species, including pinworms, hookworms, Roundworms exhibit two evolutionary innovations not found in flatworms. have a complete digestive tract, which is a digestive tube with two openings, a mouth and an anus. This anatomy contrasts with the digestive sacs, or gastrovascular cavities, of cnidarians and flatworms, which use a single opening as both mouth and anus. A second evolutionary innovation we see for the first time in roundworms is a body cavity, which in this case is a pseudocoelom. Mollusks Mollusks(from the Latin molluscus, soft) are soft-bodied animal