兰州交通大学车辆专业英语考试要点.docx

Couplers1. IntroductionLink and Pin: The simplest type of coupler is a link and pin. Each vehicle has a bar attached to the centre of the headstock (the beam across the end of the vehicle, variously called the end sill or pilot in the US) which has a loop with a centre hole attached to it.连接杆和销：最简单的车钩形式是连接杆和销。一节车的端梁（横贯车端的梁）中心线装有一个杆，杆上连有一个带中心孔的圆环。Each coupler has a bellmouth around the end of the bar to assist in guiding the bar with the hole into place. The loops are lined up and a pin dropped into them. Its not very sophisticated but it was used for many railways during the 19th century and has persisted on a few remote lines to this day.每个车钩的一个杆的端部为喇叭口形状，它可以引导带孔的杆插入到位，连接链环呈一直线，并将一销子插入环中。这种车钩仅在19世纪用的较多，现在在极少的偏僻的线路上还有保留。The next type of coupler is the bar coupler. This is what is known as a semi permanent coupler. It cannot be disconnected unless the train is in a workshop and access underneath the train is available. 另一种车钩是杆式车钩，众所周知，这是一种半永久车钩，只有在车间里，能够进入到列车下部时它才能进行解钩。It is normally used in EMUs which are kept in fixed formations of two, three or four cars. The bar couplers are located within the unit, while the outer ends of the unit have some type of easily disconnected coupler. 这种车钩通常用于电动车组中2,3，或4节车的固定编组中。这种杆式车钩设在单元内部，而单元外部设一些易于解挂的车钩。杆式车钩很简单，Bar couplers are simple, just consisting of a bar with a hole at the inner ends through which the car body is connected by a bolt.杆式车钩很简单，它只有一根内端带孔的杆，车体通关这根杆用螺栓连接在一起。3-Link Coupling: This type of coupling is exactly what it says - a set of three links which are hung from hooks on each vehicle. A development of this is the Instanter coupler, which has a middle link forged into a triangular shape to allow the distance between vehicles to be (crudely) adjusted. 3-连接杆车钩：就像它的名字，这样车钩是由悬挂在每节车车钩间的三个连接杆组成。它的改进形式就是即时车钩，中间连接杆铸造成三角形，可以粗略调整车辆间的距离。This is to allow the side buffers used with the coupler to be adjacent to each other and provide some degree of slack cushioning.The coupler required a person to get down on the track between the