句子翻译1概要1.pptVIP

汉英句子对比 Christine Liu 汉语语法呈隐含性 (covertness) 英语语法呈外显性 (overtness) 汉语句子: (parataxis) 语义型或意合型 依仗意义，即内在的逻辑关系组织语言的手段。“ 以意统形” 英语句子: (hpyotaxis ) 语法型或形合型 依仗形式（包括词的形态变化，词汇的衔接等）将语言符号由“ 散” （个体的词）到“ 集” （词组乃至语篇）的语言组织手段 --- 王力《 中国语法理论》 只有四婶，因为后来雇用的女工，大抵非懒即馋，或者馋而且懒，左右不如意，所以也还提起祥林嫂。 Only my aunt, because the maids taken on afterwards turned out to be lazy or greedy, or both, none of them satisfied her, still spoke of Xianglin’s Wife. May aunt was the only one who still spoke of Xianglin’s Wife. This was because most of the maids taken on afterwards turned out to be lazy or greedy, or both, none of them giving satisfaction. ①我常见许多青年的朋友，②聪明用功，③成绩优异，④而语文程度不足以达意，⑤甚至写一封信亦难得通顺，⑥问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。 （梁实秋《学问与趣味》） ①I have come across a great many young friends, ②bright and diligent, ③do exceedingly well in studies, ④but they are rather weak in Chinese, ⑤even can’t write a smooth Chinese letter. ⑥When asked why, they’ll say they are not interested in Chinese. ①我常见许多青年的朋友，②聪明用功，③成绩优异，④而语文程度不足以达意，⑤甚至写一封信亦难得通顺，⑥问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。 I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies, but they are rather weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. When I asked them why, they said they were not interested in the Chinese language. 由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。 Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media. 3. 现代英语的基本句型 1) SV （主－谓） 2) SVO （主－谓－宾） 3) SVC （主－谓－主补） 4) SVA （主－谓－状） 5 SVOD （主－谓－间宾－直宾） 6) SVOC （主－谓－宾－宾补） 7) SVOA （主－谓－宾－状） 英语句子的谓语只有动词才能充当。作谓语的动词对句子其他成分的形式和句子的结构有很大的影响。 汉语的谓语也是句子中非常重要的成分，但是汉语的谓语除了用动词充当，还可以用形容词、名词或其他词语充当。 4. 汉语 主题显著的语言 (topic-prominent language), 采用主题- 述题(topic-comment) 的句式 “ 话语 --- 说明结构” 汉语句子建立在意念主轴 (thought-pivot) 上