句子成分高一基础课件.pptVIP

句子成分 大家的问题 1.各成分定义，位置，如何区分，举例。 2.定语从句的诸多问题 句子的基本结构(五种) 句子结构 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子的主要成分 句子的次要成分 （二）主语： 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。 注意:但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： 找找主语，看看是什么词充当的？ 1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 名词country music 做主语 2. We often speak English in class. 代词we 做主语 3.? One-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词one-third 做主语 4.? To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式to swim做主语 5. Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词smoking 做主语 6.The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词the rich做主语 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 主语从句When we are going to have an English test 做主语 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式 （三）谓语： 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： ?1、简单谓语： 由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如： 1.He practices running every morning. practice 做谓语 ????? ? 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如： 1.You may keep the book for two weeks. may keep 做谓语 2.He has caught a bad cold. has caught 做谓语 （2）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students. are students 做谓语 （四）表语： 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 找找表语，看看是什么词充当的 例如： ?1.?Our teacher of English is an American. 名词American做表语 ?2.?Is it yours? 代词yours做表语 3.The weather has turned cold. 形容词cold做表语 4.The speech is exciting. 分词exciting做表语 ????? 5.Three times seven is twenty one? 数词twenty one做表语 6.His job is to teach English. 不定式to teach English做表语 7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football. 动名词playing football做表语 ????? 8.The machine must be out of order. 介词短语out of order做表语 9.Time is up. 副词up做表语 10.The class is over. 副词over 做表语 11.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 表语从句做表语 （五）宾语： 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 1.?They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. 名词exhibition做宾语 2.?The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 代词me做宾语 ???? 3.How many dictionaries