微生物学 美国Indiana University Purdue University授课01.pptVIP

Microbial Pathogenesis and Host-Parasite Relationships BIOL 533 Lecture 1 Definitions Microbial pathogenesis—process of causing disease Colonization—presence of microbes at site of body Does not imply tissue damage or disease symptoms Does imply invasion of site and multiplication Characteristics of Parasitism Encounter: agent meets host Entry: agent enters host Spread: agent spreads Multiplication: agent multiplies Damage: agent, host response, or both cause damage Outcome: agent or host wins, or coexist Encounter In utero Do not normally come in contact with organisms Protection of fetal membranes Do not normally come in contact with organisms from mother Normally only present sporadically Exceptions: sexual diseases, virus causes, rubella Encounter At moment of birth Come in contact with organisms present in vaginal canal and on skin Previously, antibodies passed from mother to fetus Defenses are good for a period of time, then they wane Encounter Challenge between man and microbe wages many times during lifetime Most disappear rapidly Some become part of normal flora Only a few cause disease Later Encounters Exogenous: encountered in environment Endogenous: encountered in or on body Organisms present on skin can cause disease when they go into deeper tissues Later Encounters Example: Staphylococcus aureus enters cut and forms boil In this case, encounter took place long before disease (at time skin was colonized) Encounter is not always sharply demarcated Normal Flora What constitutes normal flora? Some people possess Streptococcus pyogenes in their throat for long periods, but rarely contract disease Opportunistic pathogen existence (carrier state) 95% of people never have this bacterium, and when they do, they get sick Normal Flora Defined Constitutes normal flora if definition is “any organism present that is not causing disease” Not normal flora if used to mean organisms present in majority of population Host-Parasite Interaction Exposure to virulent ag