豌豆语法13非谓语动词 1.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * 豌豆群：7298916 一、定义 1定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。 2非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。 二 动词不定式 　动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 1不定式的构成 ⑴一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done ⑵进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. ⑶完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I happened to have seen the film. I regretted having told a lie. 2不定式的句法功能： 作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式 短语 作主语时，常用it作 形式 主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后　 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. 常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。 2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。 3It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。 ⑵作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. ⑶作宾语： 常与不定式连用作宾语的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia ⑷作宾语补足语： 　在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on, wait for , invite.例如： With a lot of work to do , he didnt go to the cinema． ⑸作定语： We have made a plan to finish the work. He has no place to live. He found a good house to live in. ⑹作状语： ①表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. ②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 意料之外)：常放在never only后 He arrived late only to find the train had gone. I visited him only to find him out. ③表原因：常放在形容词后面 They were very sad to hear the news. ④表程度： Its too dark for us to see anything The question is simple for him to answer. 二、动名词 1定义：　动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能