应对全球健康的挑战：创新型科研人才的需求与培养.ppt

* Millions of people in poor countries- most of them children- die every year from diseases that are preventable and treatable. 27 million children aren’t immunized each year with simple, inexpensive vaccines most of us take for granted More than 1,000 children die every day from measles alone, when a vaccine for measles costs just 15 cents. Every 13 seconds, a person dies from TB or malaria. In Africa, 2,000 children are killed by malaria alone. Four million newborns in poor countries die every year from preventable conditions like tetanus. That is the equivalent to every baby born in the US each year. We do tragically little research to find vaccines and cures for diseases that affect the developing world According to a study published in The Lancet, of the 1,500 drugs approved in the last 30 years by the FDA, only 20 were specifically for diseases that disproportionately affect the developing world Many existing treatments are impractical or ineffective – malaria has grown resistant to cheapest drugs; TB drugs must be taken for six months There are no effective vaccines for the most deadly diseases – HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria Source for statistics on this slide: WHO Of the 38% of global DALYs addressed by the foundation: -- Acute diarrheal illness – 11% -- Acute lower respiratory infections – 16% -- Child health – 17% -- HIV/AIDS – 15% -- Malaria – 8% -- Malnutrition and undernutrition – 6% -- Reproductive and maternal health – 6% -- Tuberculosis – 6% -- Vaccine-preventable diseases – 8% -- Other infectious diseases – 6% Examples of Successes in Global Health: ? Polio is now on the brink of eradication. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative has helped reduce global polio cases by 99% over the past 20 years through the immunization of 2 billion children In 1988, polio paralyzed more than 1000 children a day. By 2007, that number had dropped to fewer than 5 a day Polio is endemic in just four countries, down from 125 countries in 1988 This progress