经济心理学心理参照概要1.ppt

* * 因此，在情景A 中，尽管多发了500元，由于员工的参照点是2000，所以对员工来说，这个500元不是“获得500元”而是“比预期损失1500元”，情绪体验是消极的、不愉快的，因此，这500元非但没有产生正面激励作用，反而带来了负面影响。相反，在情景B 中，由于员工事先毫无察觉，对于额外奖励的预期值为0，因此，这500元属于意外收获，其表现为“获得”，员工当然高兴。 解释： * * 综上所述，改变心理的预期参照点，可以改变人们对同一经济行为结果的认知评价，从而引起不同的情绪体验，达到不同的行为决策或启动效果。 心理预期（心理参照系）是经济行为的启动阀和平衡器。 * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Possess Lofty Ideals Noble Characters Glorious Feats Immortal Works * * Poss