大学英语修辞学第十章概要1.pptVIP

Chapter 9Syntactic Figures of Speech (II) 9.1 Climax 渐升/层进/递进法 Climax comes from Greek meaning “ladder.” It is the arrangement of words, phrases, clauses or sentences in ascending order of importance. Ideas arranged in such a way develop gradually, like climbing a ladder, each idea outweighing the preceding one until reaching the summit. 彼采葛兮，一日不见，如三月兮。 彼采萧兮，一日不见，如三秋兮。 彼采艾兮，一日不见，如三岁兮。—《诗经》 Climax is widely employed by speakers and writers. In persuasive speech or writing, it is extremely effective in stirring up feelings and emotions: 1) It is an outrage to bind a Roman citizen; to scourge him is a crime; to put him to death is almost parricide. (Cicero) 2) We do not retreat. We are not content to stand still. As Americans, we go forward, in the service of our country, by the will of God. (Franklin D. Roosevelt) A climax usually consists of three or more parts and is used together with other figures of speech. I came, I saw, I conquered. (with anaphora.) Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. (with parallelism) I was born an American; I live an American; I shall die an American. (with simploce) Having power makes totalitarian leadership isolated; isolation breeds insecurity; insecurity breeds suspicion and fear; suspicion and fear breed violence. (with anadiplosis) 9.2 Anticlimax 渐降/层降 Anticlimax involves stating one’s thought in a descending order of significance or intensity from strong to weak, from weighty to light , from the sublime to the ridiculous. The bomb completely destroyed the cathedral, the new cinema, several dozen houses and my dustbin. “a sudden drop from the dignified or important thought or expression to the commonplace or trivial, sometimes for humorous effect” (Webster’s New World Dictionary); 1) We often joked about his passionate love for his daughter, his cat and his ashtray. 2) Where shall I find hope, happiness, friends, cigarettes? 3) He lost his empire, his family and his fountain pen. Anti