情态动词及直接间接引语.docxVIP

直接引语及间接引语一、直接引语直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语，直接引语通常置于引号内（“引用原话”）。—“What is it all about?” —“究竟是什么事呢？” —“Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.” —“没有什么，大惊小怪而已。”??二、间接引语用自己的话转述别人的意思，或引用自己说过的话，都叫做间接引语。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning. 玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。He said that his hands were quite full at that moment. 他说那时他忙得不可开交。?三、直接引语与间接引语的转换?在将直接引语转换为间接引语时，不仅句式上要有变化，而且要在时态、人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。1、引语转换时的句式变化不同的直接引语句式，如：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则，还要注意根据句意，使用适当的引述动词。（1）陈述句的间接引语将陈述句转换为间接引语，通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。He said, “I caught a cold yesterday.”??? 他说：“我昨天感冒了。”?? He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before.??? 他说他前天感冒了。Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams.”??? 海伦说：“我讨厌参加这种考试。”?? Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams.??? 海伦说她讨厌参加这种考试。在下列情况下，往往要保留that。① that 的省略会产生歧义。Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station, the train had already left.琳达很失望地说，她到达车站时火车已经开走了。（如不用that，when状语从句既可以理解为修饰said, 又可以理解为修饰had left）②当引述动词后面不止跟一个that引导的从句时，第二个that不能省略。He said (that) he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year. 他说他下周要到欧洲去并在那里呆半年。（第二个that不能省略）（2）疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接问句。引述的动词常用ask, inquire, wonder, want to know等。间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序，句末不用问号，用句号。?①一般疑问句的间接引语直接引语为一般疑问句时，用连词whether或if 引导，某些表示请求的疑问句也可以转换成间接祈使句。I asked him, “Are you satisfied with the results?” 我问他：“你对这结果满意吗？”?? I asked him whether he was satisfied with the results.? 我问他对这结果是否满意。“Did you go to the British Museum yesterday?” asked Kate.凯特问：“你昨天有没有去大英博物馆？”Kate asked me if I had gone to the British Museum the day before.? 凯特问我昨天有没有去大英博物馆。The old man said to a passer-by, “Will you tell me the way to get to the Great Wall Hotel?”那位老人跟一位过路人说：“请问到长城饭店的路怎么走。”? The old man asked a passer-by to tell him the way to the Great Wall Hotel.那位老人请一位过路人告诉他去长城饭店的路。? ②选择疑问句的间接引语直接引语为选择疑问句时，用连词whether/if…or…引导。He said, “Are you interested in English or not?”?? 他说：“你是否对英语感兴趣?”?? He