水利工程概论 16.ppt

Chapter 13 Pumping stations Lecture 13th Introduction to course The teacher Introduction to course The teacher Fig.13.13 Effect of booster pump on gravity line Introduction to course Pumping stations for water supply from river intakes or boreholes are normally designed to discharge continuously over a period of 20-22h a day. Boosters may also need storage facilities. It is advisable to install more than one pump so that maintenance may be carried out without interrupting the supply. Often, several pumps of differing capacities are installed in a water supply pumping station, and the units are switched on or off as demand variations dictate. If a very fine controlled output is needed, variable-speed motors (expensive) must be used. Sewage pumps must be so designed as to be capable of pumping the peak flows as they occur in sewers, with a maximum delay of no more than 12h. Otherwise, the sewage may become septic. The flows may vary considerably throughout the year, month, week or day. The daily variations may be considered to be between zero (at night) to about six times the dry weather flow (d.w.f.) at times during the day, and it is preferable to install pumping capacity up to 6 d.w.f. using at least two or three pumps, each capable of about 2 d.w.f. Pumping mains are usually designed for velocities of around 0.9-1ms-1 when supplying water at a constant rate throughout the day. This may be doubled for short-period pumping. Prior to the final selection of the pipeline diameter, economical analyses balancing the costs of large-diameter pipelines and their maintenance, and the savings in pumping costs due to the reduction in friction losses, must be carried out. The minimum diameter suitable for pumping unscreened crude sewage is 100mm and velocities around 0.75-2ms-1 are normally recommended. However, in stormwater-sewage pumping higher velocities (even 3-4ms-1) may be more economical as their operation is intermittent. The friction head losses in the case of sludge