学术论文写作the principle of good title概要1.pptVIP

Title as a label Amalthea’s Density Is Less Than That Of Water E.G. First ,“Is” is a waste word. Second, inclusion of the “Is” results in a title that now seems to be a loud assertion. Title should be useful as a label accompanying the paper itself ,and it also should be in a form suitable for the machine-indexing systems. A short version of the title is needed because of space limitations Do not use ?the?abbr-eviation Titles should avoid to using the acronym, chemical formulas, jargon, proprietary and unusual or outdated terminology. Part two principle papers papers Series title should be avoid The reader will severely handicapped unless the whole series could be read consecutively. The series system is annoying to editors because of scheduling problems and delays. Disagreement:may appear pedantic, often place the emphasis on the general term rather than a more significant ,necessitate punctuation, scramble indexes Supportment:get the most important words of the title up?to the front Part two principle Thanks Part three thanks * 特殊人群用药——老年人用药指导 冯新颖 2016.11.19 ACADEMIC ENGLISH WRITING AND TRANSLATION 目录 一：概述 二：老年人生理和生化功能的变化 三：老年人药动学和药效学特点 四：老年人安全合理用药对策 引起药源性高血压的药物 药源性高血压的分类 常突然起病，发作时除出现血压增高外，还伴有头痛、震颤和心绞痛等表现，症状一般持续数分钟至数小时 表现为逐渐起病，发作时除血压升高外，还伴有脑、心和肾脏等器官严重损害，严重时可并发脑卒中、心肌梗死和急性左心衰竭等，症状一般持续数小时至数天。 　　 ①三环类抗抑郁药：可减弱可乐定、甲基多巴和胍乙啶等药物降压作用。　　②麻醉药（如普鲁卡因、利多卡因、丙泊酚等）可阻断迷走神经，兴奋交感神经，使血压升高。　　③阿片受体拮抗药（如纳洛酮等）可拮抗大剂量麻醉性镇痛药，使痛觉突然恢复，交感神经兴奋，致血压升高、心率加快、心律失常甚至肺水肿和心搏骤停。　　　　 （1）交感神经和副交感神经之间平衡失调，交感神经兴奋性增加，使血压升高： ④酒精及含酒精制剂（如左卡尼汀口服溶液、氢化可的松注射液、藿香正气水等） ⑤咖啡因及含咖啡因药物（如复方氨酚烷胺胶囊、复方酚咖伪麻胶囊等）⑥中枢神经系统兴奋药（哌甲酯、苯丙胺等）⑦通过肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统激活升高血压（如含雌激素避孕药） 　　含钠注射液（如0.9%氯化钠注射液、10%氯化钠注射液、乳酸钠林格注射液等）；　　含钠抗感染药物（如青霉素钠、头孢呋辛钠等）　　含钠制酸剂（如碳酸氢钠等）；　　糖皮质激素可促进肾小管对钠的重吸收；　　盐皮质激素可促进远端肾小管对钠的重吸收和钾的排泄　　——均可导致血压升高。 （2）通过水钠潴留引起高血压： (3)非甾体抗炎药可升高血压.——抑制环氧酶活性 (4)中药甘草有效成分为甘草酸，其水解产物甘草次酸有醛固酮样作用，长期使用可致水钠潴留、低钾、低肾素、高血压和醛固酮分泌减少，继而高血压。——即假性醛固酮增多症 (5)抗肿瘤药物（如紫杉醇、顺铂、舒尼替尼、贝伐珠单抗）可使NO生成减少，内皮肽-1系统激活，致急性肾衰竭，使肾素水平升高，