照明相关术语.doc

光與燈具的專業術語 重點照明（accent lighting）指用以強調某一特別目標物，或是引人注意視野中某一部分之一種方向性照明 Directional lighting to emphasize a particular object or draw attention to a display item. 調適（accommodation）指人的眼睛焦點自某一點移動至另一點之改變過程 順應（adaptation） 指人眼視覺系統調適較多或較少、或不同色光之過程，其會影響視覺靈敏度The process by which the human eye adjusts to a change in light level. 周圍照明（ambient lighting） 指可以產生全般照明之全地區性照明The general lighting present in an area --excluding task lighting and accent lighting but including general lighting and daylight streaming in. 表面平均亮度（average luminance, of a surface） 指實際離開光照面上單位面積之總流明光通量 燈具平均亮度（average luminance, of a luminaire ） 指於某一已知角度之光度除以燈具在該方向之投影面積 遮蔽體（baffle） 指於某一特定角度遮蔽光線直接照射、或吸收不需要光線之不透明或半透明物件 安定器（ballast） 指與放電燈一起使用之一種裝置藉以獲得起動及運轉時所需電路之電流、電壓及波形等條件An auxiliary piece of equipment required to start and to properly control the flow of current to gas discharge light sources such as fluorescent and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. 光束角（beam angle） 指於垂直光束中心線之一平面上，光度等於50%最大光度之二方向的夾角The angular dimension of the cone of light from reflectorized lamps (such as R and PAR types) encompassing the central part of the beam out to the angle where the intensity is 50% of maximum. The beam angle sometimes called beam spread is often part of the ordering code for the reflectorized lamps. Example: The 50PAR30/HIR/NFL25 is a 50 watt PAR30 narrow flood lamp with a beam angle of 25 degrees (See FIELD ANGLE). 亮度（brightness） 發光體特定方向單位立體角內單位面積上的光通量。參照subjective brightness, luminance, veiling luminanceBrightness can refer to any of several technical terms used in lighting and is, therefore, ambiguous (See LUMINANCE). 新燭光（candela, cd） 光度單位；以點光源為中心，半徑為一公尺作球，如貫通此球面一平方公尺面積上的光束為一流明時，則此方向之光度稱為一新燭光The measure of luminous intensity of a source in a given direction. The term has been retained from the early days of lighting when a standard candle of a fixed size and composition was defined as producing one candela in every direction. A plot of intensity versus direction is called a candela distribution cu