物理光学与应用光学第12章.ppt

干涉现象（Interference） 在两个光波叠加的区域形成稳定的光强分布的现象，称为光的干涉现象 当两光波振动方向有一定夹角时， ，即只有两个振动的平行分量能够产生干涉，而其垂直分量将在观察面上形成背景光，对干涉条纹的清晰程度产生影响。一般夹角值小时，这种影响可以忽略。 Key words 1. Path difference 2. Phase difference 3. The order of interference 4. The light distribution 5. A maximum amount of light (maxima) 6. A minimum amount of light (minima) Homework (12-12) 1. Light passes through two narrow slits of d=0.8mm. On screen 1.6m away the distance between the two second-order maxima is 5mm. What is the wavelength of the light? Thomas Young (1773-1829) A British physician and physicist. He could read at age 2, at 6 began studying Latin, and at 13 had also mastered Greek, Hebrew, Italian and French. At 19 he entered medical school, correctly explained the accommodation of the eye and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1796, he graduated from the University of Gottingen Medical School, opened a practice in London, and 5 years later became professor of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution. That same year,1801, he read the first of several papers presenting the wave theory of light and the principle of interference, much to the opposition of Newton’s followers. Young made noteworthy contributions also to acoustics, atmospheric refraction, elasticity, fluid dynamics and color vision. Interference fringes The light of distribution resulting from a superposition of waves will consist of alternately bright and dark bands called interference fringes. Such fringes can be observed visually, projected on a screen, or recorded photoelectrically. Interference fringes 当光源是点光源时，所考察的任意两点S1和S2的光场都是空间相干的，当光源是扩展光识时，光场平面上具有空间相干性的各点的范围与光源的大小成反比。对于一定的光波长和干涉装置，当光源宽度b较大，且满足 调节d的大小，观察什么时间条纹消失，此时测量d，就可以计算出星体角直径?。 Partial Coherence contrast It is incorrect to think of light as either coherent or incoherent. Light can have different degrees of coherence,which introduced the concept of partial coherence. Complete coherence is merely a theoretical limit. Partial Coherence