物理类专业英语大作业.doc

物理类专业英语课 大作业 姓 名： 邓晨阳 学 号： 201201020118 院 （系）： 理学院 专业班级： 物理1201 任课教师： 温俊清 完成时间：2014 年 12月 28 日 Newtons laws of motion Newtons laws of motion are three physical laws that together laid the foundation for classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to said forces. They have been expressed in several different ways over nearly three centuries, and can be summarised as follows. First law: When viewed in an inertial reference frame, an object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force. Second law: The vector sum of the forces F on an object is equal to the mass m of that object multiplied by the acceleration vector a of the object: F = ma. Third law: When one body exerts a force on a second body, the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body. The three laws of motion were first compiled by Isaac Newton in his Philosophi Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687.Newton used them to explain and investigate the motion of many physical objects and systems. For example, in the third volume of the text, Newton showed that these laws of motion, combined with his law of universal gravitation, explained Keplers laws of planetary motion. Overview Newtons laws are applied to objects which are idealised as single point masses,in the sense that the size and shape of the objects body are neglected to focus on its motion more easily. This can be done when the object is small compared to the distances involved in its analysis, or the deformation and rotation of the body are of no importance. In this way, even a planet can be idealised as a particle for analysis of its orbital motion around a star.