离子交换树脂的基本知识(6点).ppt

ChE 427NOVEL TOPICS in SEPARATION PROCESSESChp 2: ION EXCHANGE Definitions Ion is an atomic or molecular species having a net electric charge. A cation has a positive charge(e.g. Na+), an anion has a negative charge(e.g Cl- ) Ion exchange is a process involving exchange (sorption) of one or several ionic species accompanied by the simultaneous displacement (desorption)of one or more other ionic species of the same charge. Ion-exchanger is a solid or liquid material containing ions that are exchangeable with other ions with a like charge that are present in a solution in which the material is insoluble.. Some Features of Ion Exchange on Solid Exchangers Cations (or anions) in a liquid are exchanged with cations ( or anions) on a solid sorbent Electroneutrality is maintained in both the liquid and solid phases In general, reversible Example Ion exchange is a widespread phenomenon occuring in nature Ion exchange materials include 1) silicates ( natural or synthetic; amorphous or crystalline) 2) phosphates 3) flourides 4) humus 5) wool 6) proteins 7) cellulose 8) alumina 9) glass 10) living cells Classification of Ion Exchangers on the Basis of the Nature of the Matrix Organic resins In organic resins the matrix is a highly polymerized crosslinked hydrocarbon containing ionogenic groups. Inorganic ion exchangers are generally the oxides, hydroxides and insoluble acid salts of polyvalent metals, heteropolyacid salts and insoluble metal ferrocyanides. Organic-inorganic ion exchangers(hybrid ) Basic Uses of Ion Exchange Substitution: A valuable ion(e.g. Copper) can be recovered from solution and replaced by a worthless one Separation: A solution containing a number of different ions are separated. Removal: By using a combination of a cation resin (in the H+ form) and an anion resin (in the OH– form), all ions are removed and replaced by water (H+OH–). The solution is thus demineralized Ion Exchange Resins Ion Exchange resins are generall