师大特教motor learning概要1.pptVIP

動作學習理論之臨床應用介紹 台大醫學院物理治療學系 胡名霞 運動科學 動作學習 v.s. 一般治療之異同 Student v.s. patient Active learning v.s. passive facilitation Learning v.s. performance Motor learning A set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for movement (Schmidt Lee, 1999) Types of motor learning Non-associative Habituation Sensitization Associative Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Habituation: gill withdrawal reflex Types of motor learning Non-associative Habituation Sensitization Associative Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Pavlov at Russian Military Medical Academy (Squire Kandel, 1999) Operant chamber Thorndike S-R theory, 1935 Law of readiness, mental set Law of exercise: pairing and motivating Law of effect: reinforcer or punishment Specificity theory of learning Types of learning Declarative memory Knowledge Knowing that Knowledge of facts and events Memory with record Explicit recognition Conscious level verbalizable Nondeclarative (procedural) Habit Knowing how Knowledge of skills Implicit recognition Memory without record Eg. Priming, classical conditioning Story of H.M. (Scoville Milner, 1957) Measurement of learning Retention/transfer test Performance vs learning 動作學習（Motor Learning) A set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for responding performance ≠ learning 影響表現之因素 永久性 practice schedule feedback schedule individual ability 暫時性/possible 永久 arousal motivation-goal setting attention anxious Arousal and throwing proficiency Motivation and goal setting (Boyce, 1992) Attention affects performance Stroop effect 紅 黃 綠 藍 紫 Cocktail party phenomenon Von Restorff effect 動作學習期 Dual Task Design －雙項任務設計 Attention and balance Attention deficit (Cratty, 1971) Anxious 影響表現之因素 永久性 practice schedule feedback schedule individual ability 暫時性/possible 永久 arousal motivation-goal setting attention anxious 能力（Ability) Used interchangeably