第七章、离子液体、和一锅反应及新反应.ppt

一、绿色化学GREEN CHEMISTRY History….. Green Chemistry is born around 199o What is green chemistry or Sustainable Technology（可持续发展的技术） Traditionally - Chemical Yield was paramount Green Chemistry Focuses on - Process efficiency in terms of eliminating wastes at source and avoid using or generating toxic substances Principals of greenchemistry Prevention（预防） It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created. Atom Economy （原子经济性 ） Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product. Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses（危险性较小的化学合成 ） Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or no toxicity to human health and the environment. Designing Safer Chemicals（设计更安全的化学品 ） Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries（更安全的溶剂和助剂 ）The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used. Design for Energy Efficiency（能源效率设计 ） Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure（环境温度和压力 ）. Use of Renewable Feedstocks（使用可再生原料的原料 ） A raw material or feedstock should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically and economically practicable. Reduce Derivatives（减少衍生 ） Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups, protection/ deprotection, temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste. CatalysisCatalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents. Design for Degradation（设计降解化工产品 ）