干奶牛管理概要1.pptVIP

THE DRY COW干奶牛 Dry Period Ideologies 身体休整阶段 该阶段营养需求最低 营养需求低不等价于：忽视饲料品质和管理 应把干奶期看成：为下一个胎次做准备 Characterized as a resting phase Period of lowest nutritional requirements Low nutrient requirements should not be equated to: poor quality feeds and management. The dry period should be viewed as: Preparation for the subsequent lactation. 营养需求 Nutrient Requirements 维持需要 Maintenance of the Cow 妊娠 Gravid Uterus 胎儿 fetus 胎衣 placenta 羊水 fetal fluids 子宫 uterus 干奶牛分群 50-70天的干奶期可保证下一胎次产量最佳 干奶前期：干奶期的头30-40天 干奶后期（围产前期）：干奶期的后20-30天 Dry Cow Grouping Optimum milk yield occurs when dry period length is 50 - 70 days Far-off First 30 - 40 days of dry period Close-up Last 20 - 30 days of dry period 干奶前期Far-off Dry Cows 建议Recommendation 常用值Popular NRC 能量 NEL, Mcal/Kg 1.30 – 1.35 1.25 粗蛋白 CP, % of DM 12 – 13 12 酸性洗涤纤维ADF 35 – 40 27 中性洗涤纤维NDF 40 – 55 35 能量需要和采食量的变化 净能 采食量 产前周数 脂类代谢变化 体脂 日粮能量不足 非酯化脂肪酸 干奶牛代谢Dry Cow Metabolism 产犊前能量需求 采食量 非酯化脂肪酸 非酯化脂肪酸=干奶牛的燃料 产犊后第一周40%的乳脂来源于非酯化脂肪酸 非酯化脂肪酸浓度过高=脂肪肝 =肥胖综合症 AROUND CALVING NEl FEED INTAKE NEFA . NEFA = FUEL FOR THE COW. IN THE FIRST WEEK OF LACTETION 40% OF MILK FAT COME FROM NEFA. IN HIGH CONC. of NEFA = FAT LIVER = FAT COW SINDROM. 干物质采食量下降 产前三周下降30-35 变化大 产后干物质采食量与产前干物质采食量呈正相关关系 DMI Depression 30 - 35% final 3 weeks of gestation very variable May be endocrine related estrogen or progesterone:estrogen Postpartum DMI is positively correlated to prepartum 干奶后期营养需要Close-up Requirements 建议Recommendation 常用值Popular NRC 净能 NEL, Mcal/Kg 1.5 -1.4 1.25 粗蛋白（干物质） CP, % of DM 13 - 15 12 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF 25 - 30 27 中性洗涤纤维 NDF 35 - 50 35 干奶后期日粮Close-up Rations 需提高营养密度Need to increase nutrient density 胎儿发育需求增加Fetal nutrient demand increases 干物质采食量下降