英国历史ppt.ppt

The Stuarts, that highly romantic but luckless dynasty, suceeded to the English throne on the death of the childless Tudor Queen Elizabeth I in 1603, in the person of James I and VI (1603-1625), son of Mary Queen of Scots and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, who became the first joint ruler of the kingdoms of both England and Scotland. The spelling of the ancient Scottish dynasty of Stewart was changed by Mary, Queen of Scots, during her long residence in France. Early Years James I Englands first Stuart monarch,JamesIIV, the son of that ill matched pair, Mary, Queen of Scots and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, was born at Edinburgh Castle after a difficult and protracted labour on 19th June 1566. Elizabeth I stood as godmother by proxy at his Catholic baptism when he was given the names James Charles. The domestic situation he was born into was a fractious one. By the time of James birth his parents relationship was already failing. The Queen of Scots deeply regretted her impulsive second marriage and loathed her self-seeking, foolish and arrogant spouse. James VI, King of Scots James inherited nothing of his mothers legendary Stewart charm. He had a strict Scots Calvinist upbringing and was given a rigorous programme of education by his tutors, displaying a marked precocity and intelligence from an early age. During the troubled years of James minority, four successive regents ruled Scotland. His first regent was his mothers bastard half-brother, James Stewart, Earl of Moray, later to be assassinated. At the age of five, James had witnessed the bleeding body of his second regent, his paternal grand-father, Matthew Stuart, Earl of Lennox, carried past him. Brought up by his mothers enemies, James was taught to regard Mary as an adulteress, a Jezebel and a murderess, who was responsible for the death of his father. He grew to be a timid child, deeply afraid of violence, who craved affection. The king reached his majority and be