手术室的准备与消毒概要1.ppt

第三节 手术室的准备与消毒 1.足够的面积和空间，大动物不小于40~50m2，小动物不小于25m2，房间高度 2.8~3.0m。 2.便于清洁和消毒。 一、手术室的准备 3.良好的给排水系统。 4.足够的照明设备(不含专用手术灯) 5.较好的通风系统，有条件时可以装恒箱换气机。 门窗应密封，防尘良好。 7.最好分别设置无菌手术室和染菌手术室。如无条件，一般化脓感染手术最好安排在其他的地方进行。如在室内 做过感染化脓手术，必须在术后及时严格消毒手术室。 6.保持适当的温度，以20~25℃为宜。有条件时可以安装冷暖两用空调机。 8. 手术室内仅应放置重要的器具，一切不必要的器具、与手术无关的用具，都不得摆放在手术室里。 9. 设立必要的附属用房，包括更衣室、消毒室、准备室(洗手、着衣)、洗刷室、单独的器械室及厕所和淋浴室。房间安排既应毗邻，又要合理。 10.设置仪器设备的存贮间，用以存放麻醉机、呼吸机以及常用的检测仪器、麻醉药品和急救药品。存贮间应防潮，不设上下水系统。 二、手术室的消毒 （一）紫外光灯照射消毒 可有效地净化空气 （二）化学药物熏蒸消毒 1.40%甲醛加热熏蒸2ml/m3加等量水 2.40%甲醛加其毫升数1/2的高锰酸钾 3.乳酸熏蒸消毒10~20ml/100m3加等量常水 三、室外手术场地的贮备与消毒 普通房舍内尽量创造接近手术室的条件。 厩舍内特别注意环境清洁和消毒 选择晴朗无风的天气，地面平坦的空地或草地上进行。 需站立保定时，可利用林中树干或临时设置保定柱栏。 无论何种环境，必须尽可能做到清洁，彻底消毒。 The sterile corridor immediately adjacent to the surgery room.Stainless steel and glass cabinets，mounted in the walls，open from either the operating room or the corridor. Electronically controlled sliding glass door to the surgery room close automatically. The anesthesia-surgical preparation room.The preparation cabinet should be self-contained with the pipeline outlets，lighting，and lock boxes located in a convenient manner. The operating room should be well lighted，easily cleaned，and well equipped. The operating microscope or some other form of magnification equipment is indispensable，especially for eye and microsurgical techniques. Basic clinical pathology capabilities should be available in close proximity to the intensive care ward Warming cabinets provide a ready source of warm fluids or blankets for the hypothermic patient. Stainless steel scrub sinks with knee-operated water valves and soap dispensers. Decontamination room with trash compactor，pass-through window into the instrument cleaning and packing room，cleaning supplies，and laundry chute. Laundry and sterilizing room with commercial washer and dryers，stem and gas sterilizers，and laundry chutes and dumb waiter communicating with the surgery area above. Instrument cleaning and packing room. Emergency drug and equipment cart，defibrilla