英语英国文化常耀信第十讲.ppt

Chapter 3 English Literature of the 17th Century Background of the 17th Century 1. The weakening of the tie between Monarchy and Bourgeoisie 2. The clashes between the King and the Parliament Monopolies?1629 dissolved the parliament?1640 restarted the parliament ?a civil war (1642---1649) 3.The outburst of the English Revolution two camps (the opposition in Parliament and the mass demonstrations in the city)=civil war (1642--1649)? a republic (Oliver Cromwell) The religious cloak of the English Revolution——Puritanism(清教主义) Puritanism is the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisie during the English Revolution. It preaches thrift（节俭）, sobriety(严肃), hard work and unceasing labor in whatever calling one happen to, but with no extravagant（奢侈的） enjoyment of the fruits of labor. Worldly pleasures are condemned as harmful. The adherences are called Puritans. Only when Charles II threatened to restore the old absolute monarchy and Catholicism that bourgeoisie expelled him and invite William, Prince of Orange, from Holland, to be King of England in 1688: Glorious Revolution(光荣革命)——Glorious because it was bloodless and there was no revival of the revolutionary demands. The Overview of the Literature (1640-1688) 1. The revolution period (1) John Milton and John Bunyan (2) The metaphysical poets（玄学派）and the Cavalier poets.（骑士派） 2. The restoration period. The restoration drama. John Dryden Life: born in a rich and Puritan family — educated at Cambridge—1632-1638 six years in Horton—1638 visiting the continent—involved into the revolution-1660,persecuted（迫害）—writing epics. 2. Literary career (1) The 1st period was up to 1641, during which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans. L‘Allegro ：[?legro] 《快乐的人》 (describing the social mood) II Penseroso 《幽思的人》(describing the meditative solitary mood) Comus 《考玛斯》（a masque） Lycidas《利西达斯》, a pastoral elegy on the death of a college mate. (taking the o