英语语法导论部分Introduction part of Grammar book.doc

Word Formation The three major processes of word-formation: (a) Compounding (b) Derivation or affixation (c) Conversion 1. Compounding A word-formation process consisting of joining two or more roots to form a new unit. Derivation Derivation or affixation is a process of forming new words by the addition of a word element, such as a prefix, suffix or combining form, to an already existing word. 2.1 Prefixation Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding a prefix or combining form to the base. Prefixes modify the lexical meaning of the base, but do not generally change the word-class of the base. They can be classified into the following eight categories by their meaning: 2. 2 Suffixation Suffixation is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or a combining form to the base, and usually changing the word-class of the base. Prefixes primarily function as a semantic modification of the base, while suffixes have only a small semantic role and their primary function is to change the grammatical function of the base. Prefixes are classified on a semantic basis and suffixes on a grammatical basis Question: Which of the following is compound word and which is derivation? A. Nonsmoker. B. Deadline. C. Meanness. D. Misfit. E. simplify F. pre-liberation G. immortal H. postgraduate I. multiracial J. bloodthirsty K. 燿og-tired L. incoherent 3. Conversiont A word of certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 1. Noun.---Verb Books are the ladder of human progress. I need to book a 3-star hotel 3months in advance. Seek shelter Shelter the orphans 2. Verb桸ound walk to school go for a walk build the subway a man of strong build 3.Adj.梫erb; adv梫erb I will try to make life better. We try to better our living conditions. Stand back! You are stepping on my toes. I will back you no matter what happens. Example: The second round was exciting. Any round plate will do. Some drivers round c