食品英语翻译18罐装保藏.doc

France in the late 1790s was at war and having difficulty feeding its people. Napoleons fighting forces had a diet of putrid meat and other items of poor quality. The foods available couldnt be stored or transported except in a dry state. Recognizing an important problem prize was announced offering 12，OOO francs and fame to anyone inventing a useful method of food preservation. 18世纪90年代末，法国处于战争时期，国民的食物供应发生了困难。拿破仑部队吃的是腐败的肉和其他劣质食物。这些可供利用的食物除干态的外，都不可能进行储藏或运输。认识到这一严重问题之后，就宣告了一项奖金，将给予任何发明食物有效保藏方法的个人以12，000法郎和荣誉。 　Nicolas Appert， a French confectioner. working in a simple kitchen. observed that food heated in. sealed containers was preserved if the container was not reopened or the seal did not leak. He modestly called the process the art of Appertizing. Appert received the award from Napoleon after spending ten years proving his discovery. 一位工作在简陋厨房中的法国糖食师傅尼古拉。阿培尔发现：在密封容器中加热过的食物，如果不重新打开容器或密封不漏，它便被保存下来。他谦虚地把这种处理方法称为“阿培尔技艺”。阿培尔在花了10年确认他的发明之后，才从拿破仑那里拿到这项奖赏。　　It should be appreciated that the cause of spoilage of food was unknown， The great scientists of the day were summoned to evaluate Apperts process and offer explanations for its apparent success. The conclusion reached was that the process was successful because in some mysterious and magical fashion， air combined with food in a sealed container， preventing putrefaction. This was quite incorrect. Nevertheless， the canning process was discovered and practiced for the next 5O years with some success， but in the darkness of ignorance. 要知道，那时并不明白食品变质的道理。于是召集了当时的大科学家，对阿培尔的处理方法进行了评价，并对这种方法的明显成功作出解释。得到的结论是：这种处理方法之所以成功，原因是在密封的容器内，空气以某种神秘难测的方式于食物相结合，防止了食物的腐败。这当然不正确。尽管这样，这种罐藏工艺终于被发现了，并经过了那时以后50年的实践，取得了一定程度的成功，但还是处在无知的黑暗之中。　　Appert began work on his process in 1795. Peter Durand received patents in England in 1810 for glass and metal containers for packaging foods to be canned. The tin-plated metal containers were called conisters from which the term can is assumed to be derived. Early metal containers were bulky， crude and diffi