第2章静力学基本公理和物体的受力分析.pptVIP

1 在已知力系上加上或减去任意一个平衡力系，并不 改变原力系对刚体的作用。 公理2 加减平衡力系原理 Addition and reduction equilibrium force systems law We can add or reduce equilibrium force systems at a body. The effect of the force system must Be the same as before. 应用 applying 简化力系 Deduct the force systems 推论1：力的可传性。 Principle of transmissibility of a force. 因此，对刚体来说，力作用三要素为：大小，方向，作用线 作用于刚体上的力可沿其作用线移到同一刚体内的任一点， 而不改变该力对刚体的效应。 the force can transmit along with its action line, the effect of the force must be the same as before transmitting. It states, the elements of a force are magnitude, direction and line of action. the vector of a force is a sliding vector. A B F F A B B A F1 F2 F2=F=-F1 F2 令F=F1=F2 公理3 力的平行四边形法则 parallelogram law 作用于物体上同一点的两个力可合成一个合力，此合力也作用于该点，合力 的大小和方向由以原两力矢为邻边所构成的平行四边形的对角线来表示。 Make a sketch showing the vector addition using the parallelogram law. Two “component” forces add according to the parallelogram law. Yielding a resultant force that forms the diagonal of the parallelogram A F1 F2 R A F1 F2 R If a force is to be resolved components along two axes directed form the tail of the force,then start at the head of the force and construct lines parallel to the axes, thereby forming the parallelogram. The sides of the parallelogram represent the components. Label all the know and unknown force magnitudes and the angles on the sketch and identify the two unknowns. Redraw a half portion of the parallelogram to illustrate the triangular head-to-tail assertion of the components. The magnitude of the resultant force can be determined from the law of cosines, and its direction is determined from the law of signs The magnitude of two force components are determined from the law of signs 三角形法则 Trigonometry 力平衡汇交定理 F3 F1 F2 O 问:平衡吗? 若不平衡,加一个什么样的力使之平衡? F 刚体受三力作用而平衡，若其中两力作用线汇交于一点，则另一力的作用线必汇交于同一点，且三力的作用线共面。（必共面，在特殊情况下，力在无穷远处汇交——平行力系。） 推论2：三力平衡汇交定理 The comment law about three force equilibrium when a body is equilibrium subjected to the action of three forces. If two forces c