玉米秸秆与牛粪用作辣椒育苗基质的研究概要1.docVIP

玉米秸秆与牛粪用作辣椒育苗基质的研究 河北工程大学农学院园艺专业 09-1班 张仕林 指导老师 陈敬谊 中文摘要：试验以腐熟的玉米秸秆、牛粪、蛭石、草炭为材料，通过 5 种不同体积配比的复合基质，以辣椒（红泽一号）为试材进行穴盘育苗试验，研究其对辣椒形态指标、生理指标等的影响，以及辣椒苗期不同配比基质理化性状，养分含量变化规律，旨在从本试验中选出适宜于辣椒育苗的最佳基质配比，为以后腐熟玉米秸秆型育苗基质提供理论依据。 试验结果表明：T4 复合基质 V(草炭)：V(玉米秸秆)：V(牛粪)：V(蛭石)=2:2:4:2 的理化性质优良，育苗效果最好。其容重为 0.40g·cm-3，总孔隙度为 65.82%，持水孔隙为 56.66%，通气孔隙为 9.16%,pH7.39，EC1.13 ms·cm-1。 关键词：基质，穴盘育苗，秸秆，牛粪，辣椒 Study on the Core Straw and Cattle Manure as Growing Medium of Pepper Seeding Student majoring in horticulture Zhang Shilin Tutor Cheng Jingyi Abstract ：sing fermented core straw, cattle manure, vermiculite and peat substrate as component of mixed substrates. The four substrates were mixed in five ratios. Five different nursery media were taken to pepper plug seeding (hongze1.). The growth features, physiology features, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of pepper seedling were determined. The physical, chemical and nutrient element content characteristics of substrates were also studied in the growth period. The aim is to find the suitable proportion of compound medium in seeding pepper and to provide the basic theory of making use of fermented core straw. The T4 mixed substrate V (peat): V（core straw）: V(cattle manure): V（vermiculite）=2:2:4:2 ,its bulk density was 0.40g·cm-3，Total porosity was 65.82%，water retainedporosity was 56.66%，aeration porosity was 9.16%. pH was 7.39 and EC was 1.13ms·cm-1. Key word: substrate; plug-seeding; core straw; cattle manure; pepper 1文献综述 1.1 国内外基质的研究现状 日本通常使用砻糠灰、田园土、蛭石以及珍珠岩等来作为育苗基质。近年来，日本又研发了专用育苗钵块，只需将种子直接播入育苗钵内，然后覆盖相同基质，将其放置于苗床之上，再用水喷湿，就完成了种子的播种过程。钵块由岩棉、草炭等复配而成[1]。在美国、以色列和西班牙等国家，在将树皮、葡萄渣、橄榄渣、甘蔗渣、花生壳、锯木屑、菇类等经过堆肥化处理后作为基质的使用效果达到甚至草炭的水平。 我国在 80 年代就引进了美国、欧共体穴盘育苗精量播种生产线，在北京郊区进行大规模的引进操作试验。1991 年农业部把“工厂化育苗”列为 “八五”重点项目；“九五”期间国家科委立项工厂化高效农业产业工程[2]，育苗基质的研究与开发作为一项重要内容被例入其中。我国穴盘育苗起步较晚，在复配无土育苗基质时要考虑的重要因素是：因地制宜，当地资源充足、成本低、不影响植物根系生长，能为植物提供水、气、液三相的材料。青岛农科所将棉籽壳、猪粪、炉渣灰、糖醛渣和蛭石等作为原始材料，复配后用于茄果类、瓜类、叶菜的育苗基质，试验证明：复配的育苗基质育苗效果好 ，成本低[3]。炭化稻壳、砂等基质复