语法复习简化版汇编.docx

主谓一致：（第二三讲）就近原则：either or；neither nor; only one out of five were present.强调五分之一则复，强调五个中的一个则单；no one except his own supporters agree with him.以s结尾的名词作主语时：疾病、游戏名称则单数疾病：arthritis关节炎、bronchitis支气管炎、rickets软骨病、mumps腮腺炎、diabetes糖尿病游戏：darts投镖游戏、marbles打弹子游戏（但当表示游戏所用的镖或弹子时用复数）【特例：①cards打纸牌are not allowed here.②measles麻疹、rickets软骨病可单可复】以ics结尾的学科名称则单数【Eg：Physics物理学、mathematics数学、mechanics机械学、optics光学、acoustics声学、politics政治学、statistics统计学、economics经济学、linguistics语言学、athletics体育学、tactics兵法】表示学科以外的则复数：【运算能力mathematics、体育运动athletics、音响效果acoustics、策略tactics、经济意义economics】以s结尾的地理名称则单数①国名（单一政治实体）②非国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等则复数其他以s结尾的名词：①为复数：档案archives、武器arms、衣服clothes、内容目录contents、屋檐eaves、烟火fireworks、货物goods、记录minutes、道德品行morals、遗体remains、楼梯stairs、郊区suburbs、谢意thanks、工资wages【少数，单复均可：whereabouts行踪、dramatics舞台艺术】②以ings结尾的名词则复数：clippings剪下来的东西、diggings掘出的东西、earnings收入、filings锉屑、lodgings租出的房间、surroundings环境、sweepings扫拢的垃圾【特例（单复均可）：tidings消息 good tidings cheered them up.; the tidings has come a little too late.】③单复数同形(看名词是用作单数还是复数)：同义：营房barracks、总部headquarters、方法手段means、系列series、种类species、工厂works不同义：remains“遗体”则复数，“遗迹剩余物”则单复均可；Odds: What‘s the odds？=what does it matter？The odds are against us.=we are not likely to succeed.集体名词：复数：police、people、cattle、militia、poultry家禽、vermin害虫不可数名词：foliage、machinery、equipment、furniture、merchandise商品单复均可（一个整体则单数，成员则复数）：audience、committee、class班级、crew全体船员或机组人员。Family、government、public公众单数：A committee of/a panel of/a (the)board of +复数名词以并列结构做主语：①形似单数，意义为复数：good and bad taste are inculcated by example.What I say and think are no business of yours.②由and 连接的并列名词词组带有each，every，many a等限定词时，则单数。Every boy and each girl in this room is entitled to a copy.③就近原则：or , either or, neither nor, not only but also④主语+as much as , rather than, ,more than, no less than 等，由主语本身的单复数定。⑤主语+as well as , in addition to , with, along with , together with, except等，由主语定。表示数字概念的名词词组：表示确定数量:一个整体则单数，一个个个体则复数①“分数或百分数+of-词组”，由名词类别定Two-thirds of the swampland沼泽地 has been reclaimed开垦 for farming.Th