研究生英语翻译课程培训translation 1概要1.ppt

Introduction to translation Lecture 1 I Language, culture and translation It is difficult to separate language and cultural identity. Cultural meaning are intricately woven into the texture of the language. Approaching a culture implies beginning a process of translation. II The Nature of Translation “The degree to which the receptors of the message in the receptor language respond to it in substantially the same manner as the receptors in the source language.” (Nida) “ Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.” Translation is the accurate rendering of a document into another language so that it is suitable for its intended purpose. To be effective, a translation must be complete and accurate but also grammatically correct, stylistically appropriate and terminologically consistent. III The Standard of Translation Yan Fu’s three character standards—faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance 译事三难，信、达、雅。求其信，已大难矣！顾信矣，不达，虽译，犹不译也，则达尚焉。 Faithfulness means a translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. Expressiveness means the style and the manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. Elegance means a translation should have all the ease of the original composition. Fu Lei’s “ spirit closeness ” Qian Zhongshu’s “sublimed adaptation” Criteria of faithfulness / criteria of smoothness …“况且这通身的气派，竟不像老祖宗的外孙女，竟是个嫡亲的孙女，怨不得老祖 宗 天天口头心头一时不忘”… 杨译本：“Her whole air is so distinguished! She doesn’t take after her father, son- in-law of our Old Ancestress, but looks more like a Chia. No wonder our Old Ancestress couldn’t put you out of her mind and was for ever talking or thinking about you.” 霍译本：“And everything about her so distingue! She doesn’t take after your side of the family, Grannie. She’s more like Jia.” 王夫人因说到：“你舅舅今日斋戒去了，再见罢。…” 杨译本：“Your uncle’s observing a fas