空气动力学电子教案Chapter_05概要1.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Incompressible Flow Finite Wings 5.1 Introduction The properties of airfoils are the same as the properties of a wing with infinite span. However, all real airplanes have wings of finite span. Induced angle of attack at the arbitrary spanwise station For general cases, w is much smaller than , then Induced angle of attack in terms of the circulation distribution along the lifting line. It is an important result in our process for the derivation of the finite wing theory. We have to review back to remember based on what tools and approximations this result is achieved. Relation between the effective angle of attack and the lift coefficient Lift slope of arbitrary airfoil shape Fundamental equation of Prandtl’s lifting line theory It simply states that the geometric angle of attack is equal to the sum of the effective angle plus the induced angle of attack. It is an integro-differential equation. Why it is called as lifting line theory? What are the known and what is the unknown inside this equation for general cases? After the solution is obtained from the fundamental equation of the lifting line theory, three aerodynamic characteristics can be achieved 1. Lift distribution 2. Total lift Lift coefficient 3. Induced drag and induced drag coefficient Section induced drag Total induced drag Induced drag coefficient it is obviously to see, in Prandtl’s lifting line theory, the solution of is a key to obtain the aerodynamic characteristics. FAQs for the lifting-line theory 1. Location for the lifting-line relative to the actual wing geometry 2. Shape and orientation of the trailing vortex sheet 3. Is there any conflict between the boundary condition respect to the airfoil surface and the induced velocity on the lifting-line? 5.3.1 Elliptical Lift distribution Consider a circulation distribution given by That can be expressed in a more familiar form It is an elliptical equation Some features related to