大外6正反译法.doc

Conversion of Affirmation and Negation in Translation Sentences and Attributive Clauses I. Teaching contents 1．Review and comments on the assignments 2. Conversion of affirmation and negation in translation 4. Translation of sentences and attributive clauses 5. Assignments 6. References for further reading II. Aims of teaching To make students know about the techniques of translation and especially to grasp conversion of affirmation and negation in translation, translation of sentences and attributive clauses III. Teaching Focus Students’ ability in dealing with the techniques especially in conversion of affirmation and negation in translation, translation of sentences and attributive clauses IV. Teaching procedures Step One: Review 1. Amplification 3. Omission 4. Negation in translation 5. Passive Voice Sentences Step Two: Conversion of affirmation and negation in translation 正如前面所讲每一种语言都有自己独特的否定方式。由于英、汉语之间存在着很大差别， 在翻译时可以根据英、汉语各自的特点及其表达习惯等，进行正反互译， 既英语从正面表达， 汉语可以从反面翻译；英语从反面表达， 汉语可以从正面翻译， 从而使译文符合译语的表达习惯、达到强调或修辞的目的或准确地表达出原文的精神风貌。例如： Excuse me. 对不起。（原文从正面表达，译文从反面表达。） “Don’t stop working,” he said. （反面表达）他说，“继续干活吧。”（正面表达） He went into the insecure building. （反面表达） 他走进那所危楼。 （正面表达，有强调的作用） 他走进那所不安全的大楼。 （反面表达，语气不如上文强） He knew he was mortally ill. （副词，肯定） 他知道他得的是不治之症。 （形容词，译为否定句） Without reasoning one is apt to be beyond control. （前置词，肯定） 没有理智容易变成不受约束。（动词，定否定） 归纳起来，正反互译主要有以下一些情况： A. 原文从正面表达，译文从反面表达 1．动词 Such a chance was denied me. 我没有得到这样一个机会。 2．副词 A: The boy is quite clever. B: Exactly. 甲：这孩子很聪明。 乙：一点不错。 3．形容词 1）It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given. 甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想。 2）The explanation is pretty thin. 这个解释是相当不充实的。 3）His refusal is not final. 他的拒绝不是不可改变的。 4．前置词 1）This problem is above me. 这问题我不懂。（或：我解决不了）。 2）It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同。 5．连接词 1）The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. 游击队员宁愿战斗