（参考翻译）GJC-multiple-sclerosis.pptVIP

Symptom management 症状管理 Spasm 痉挛(alospasm) Baclofen 巴氯芬 5mg tid 每天三次; tizanidine 替扎尼定 2mg tid; diazepam 地西泮 10mg qn 每晚; dantrolene 丹曲林 10mg tid Fatigue 疲乏 Amantadine 金刚烷胺 0.1 bid 每天两次; phenytoin 苯妥英 0.2 qd 每天一次 at morning; Ritalin 利他林 drugs Bladder problems 膀胱问题 Urinary retention 尿潴留: cholinergic 胆碱能 drugs Incontinence 失禁: imipramine 米帕明 10mg qid 每天四次 or catheterization 导管插入 Tremor 震颤: artane 安坦 2mg tid; propranolol 普萘洛尔 10mg tid Questions in this section 本章问题 What is multiple sclerosis 什么是多发性硬化(definition 定义)? Clinical features of multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化的临床表现? What is diagnostic criteria for general MS 常规多发性硬化的诊断标准? Treatment principles of multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化治疗原则? Thank youAny questions? CIS=clinically isolated Syndrome RIS=radiologically isolated syndrome * * A diagram shows the absence of oligoclonal bands and the presence of them in CSF * A chart showing the visual evoked potentials * 2 pictures of brain x-rays * 2 more pictures of brain x-rays * 2 pictures of side view head x-rays * The picture of a spine x-ray in the middle Multiple Sclerosis 多发性硬化 CHEN, Guo-Jun Ph. D. Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital Chongqing Medical University 图片部分未翻译 Definition of Multiple Sclerosis 多发性硬化的定义 An inflammatory demyelinating disease 炎性脱髓鞘疾病 of the CNS where there is: Dissemination 传播 in space (DIS) Dissemination in time (DIT) No alternative neurologic disease 无其他神经系统疾病 MS is a clinical diagnosis 临床诊断（？） Epidemiology 流行病学 of MS Age onset 20 – 50 years old Women are 2 times more likely to develop MS 500,000 cases in US Over 2.5 million people around the world More prevalent 普遍 in whites of northern European ancestry 血统 Vitamin D3 Genetic Influences Prodromal 前驱的 and potential 潜在的 causal pathway for MS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 病理生理 OF MS Destruction 破坏 of Myelin 髓鞘, oligodendrocytes 少突胶质细胞, nerve axons 神经轴突 Hypothesis of molecular mimicry 分子模拟假说: infected virus share with myelin molecules 分子 common antigens 共同抗原 Targeted antigens mimicked 被模仿 by