生物饲料酵母替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长及免疫机能的影响.doc

生物饲料酵母替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长及免疫机能的影响 崔敏 （河北农业大学海洋学院，河北 秦皇岛 066000） 摘要：本试验分别用0、15%、30%、45%、60%的生物饲料酵母替代饲料中0、17%、34%、51%、68%的鱼粉，配制五种等氮、等能的试验饲料,分别表示为Ⅰ组（对照组）、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组。饲养大菱鲆56d后，研究生物饲料酵母替代鱼粉后对大菱鲆生长及免疫机能的影响。结果表明，随饲料酵母替代比例的增加，增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR）没有显著差异（P＞0.05），蛋白质效率（PER）、肝体指数（HSI）和内脏指数（VSI）均逐渐降低（P＜0.05），饲料系数（FCR）逐渐增高（P＜0.05），Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组的成活率（SR）均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），而Ⅴ组显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。Ⅱ组和Ⅴ组的肥满度(CF)与对照组没有显著差异（P＞0.05），Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别显著高于对照组15.7%和15.7%（P＜0.05）。鱼体的水分和脂肪随着替代比例的增加没有发生显著的变化（P＞0.05），而粗蛋白含量逐渐降低（P＜0.05），粗灰分则逐渐升高（P＜0.05）。血清中的溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性和血清中蛋白的含量也随着替代比例的增加而减少，杀菌活性没有显著的差异（P＞0.05），而碱性磷酸酶活性则出现先升高后降低的趋势（P＞0.05）。实验结果显示，饲料中较高比例的生物饲料酵母替代鱼粉会降低大菱鲆的生长性能，并干扰其脂肪和蛋白质的代谢。综合考虑大菱鲆的生长指标、形体指标、鱼体成分和免疫机能等因素，要获得最佳的养殖效益，牙鲆饲料中的添加量以17%为宜。 关键词：大菱鲆；生物饲料酵母；生长性能；免疫机能toguoran@163.com。 Effects of biological feed yeast replacing fish meal on growth performance and immunity of turbot Scophthalmus maximus Cui Min （Fisheries College , Agricultural University of Heibie, Qin Huangdao，066000,China） Abstract: Five kinds of isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets (containing 0, 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% of biological feed yeast respectively, while replacing 0, 17%, 51% and 68% of fish meal ) were fed to turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) reared in circuling sea water (sanality 30). 525 fishes were separated to 15 galasses tanks (length 60cm, wide 40cm, high 50cm) respectively and fed 3%-4% body weight thrice daily. Growth performance and immunity facters were conducted to evalute the effects of feed yeast (Candida utilis) on turbot. After 56d feeding trial, PER, HSI and VSI decreased (P0.05), while FCR increased with increasing feed yeast ratio in diets (P0.05). There were no significant differences in WGR and SGR (P0.05). The values of SR in groupⅡand group Ⅳwere significantly higher than the control group(P0.05), but group Ⅴwas opposite (P0.05). Although group Ⅱand groupⅤhad no significant differences in CF (P0.05), group Ⅲand group Ⅳwere significantly higher than the control group by 15.7% and 15.7%(P0.05). There existed no significant differe