双语医学3-心脏The-heart.pptVIP

vocabulary Cardiac Cycle Why the athlete has a low resting pulse? 为什么运动员心率较低？ The athlete’s resting stroke volume is significantly higher than the average. (The heart pumps more blood with each beat.---it can maintain a normal resting cardiac output with fewer beats) Cardiac Output ( 心输出量） How the heart respond to exercise? (L. 115) Heart rate increases during exercise. Cardiac Output ( 心输出量） What is Starling’s Law of the Heart? (斯塔林心脏定律　L. 117) 　　cardiac muscle fibers (心肌纤维） 　　venous return (静脉回流） Formula: 心输出量﹦100ml×100bpm This exercise cardiac output is greatly increased. Cardiac Output ( 心输出量） How the heart respond to exercise? The rate of contraction can be changed to adapt to different situations. The nervous system can bring about necessary changes. Regulation of heart rate (心率的调节） Medulla two cardiac centers (心搏中枢） The accelerator center　（加速中枢） The inhibitory center　（抑制中枢） impulses→ heart along autonomic nerves (自主神经） Regulation of heart rate (心率的调节） Autonomic nervous system (自主神经系统） 1．Sympathetic impulses from accelerator center---increase the heart rate 2. Parasympathetic impulses from the inhibitory center---decrease the heart rate. Regulation of heart rate (心率的调节） What information is received by the medulla to initiate changes? 脑髓质接受了什么信息才引起这些变化呢？ Regulation of heart rate (心率的调节） What information is received by the medulla to initiate changes? Changes in blood pressure and oxygen level of the blood are stimuli for changes in heart rate. 血压的变化和血液中含氧量的变化会 刺激心率产生相应的变化。 Regulation of heart rate (心率的调节） Pressoreceptors (压力受体） Chemoreceptors　（化学受体） They are located in carotid arteries ( 颈动脉）and aortic arch（主动脉弓）. Regulation of heart rate (心率的调节） Pressoreceptors (压力受体） Detect changes in blood pressure Chemoreceptors　（化学受体） Detect changes in the oxygen content of the blood Regulation of heart rate (心率的调节） * What we discuss in the first part? 心动周期--- cardiac cycle 心音--- heart sounds Can you