如何扫清阅读障碍.docxVIP

2. 如何扫除阅读障碍【猜词悟义?扫除阅读障碍】词汇是阅读理解的基础。猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是中考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会顺藤摸瓜，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。（一）定义法这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。 1）Example1:Annealing?is?a?way?of?making?metal?softer?by?heating?it?and?then?letting?it?cool?very?slowly.? 句子给予annealing?以明确的定义，即退火。? 2）Example2：It?will?be?very?hard?but?also?very?brittle------that?is?,?it?will?break?easily.? 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle?是脆的意思。? 3）Example3：The?herdsman?,?who?looks?after?sheep,earns?about?650yuan?a?year.? 定语从句中?looks?after?sheep?就表明了?herdsman?的词义为牧人。（二）同义反义法　　通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars( 火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。If you want to be a musician，you usually have to move to an area that has a lot of jobs，such as New York City.The cost of living in these areas is usually very high.The third disadvantage is that you can’t have a stable family life.Different jobs will take a musician to different places，so most musicians are unable to have a regular family.What does the underlined word “stable” mean in Chinese?A.幸福的B.稳定的C.健康的从后一句话说“Different jobs will... a regular family.”，由句中的“different places”和“regular”所以可判断B为正确答案。（三）因果法?　　通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。The?lack?of?movement?caused?the?muscles?to?weaken. Sometimes?the?weakness?was?permanent. So?the?player?could?never?play?the?sport?again.从后面的结果永远不能再运动中，可以推测?permanent意思是“永久的”（四）描述法（解释法）描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物做出的外在相貌或内在特征的