职称英语综合类概括大意与完成句子第10篇WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage逐句翻译.docxVIP

Washoe Learned American Sign Language Washoe学会了美国手语An animal that influenced scientific thought has died.一个影响科学思维的动物已经死亡了。 A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. 一个出生在非洲名为Washoe的黑猩猩上个月月底在美国华盛顿州的一个研究中心自然死亡,死时42岁。Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. Washoe在科学界和世界各地众所周知，是因为它能够使用美国手语。 She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. 它是第一个了解人类语言的非人类。Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.它的技能也导致有关灵长类动物和它们所能理解的语言的争议。Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. 科学家Alien和Beatrix Gardner于1966年开始教Washoe手语。In 1969, the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. 1969年，Gardners在科学的报告中描述了 Washoe的进步。The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words.对Washoe做实验的人说Washoe逐渐掌握了约250个单词。 For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat.例如， Washoe能用手语表达该吃饭了！ She could request foods like apples and bananas. 它能要苹果和番蕉这样的食品。She also asked questions like, Who is coming to play?它也问诸如谁要来玩之类的问题。 Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. Washoe能用手语的消息一散开，许多语言学家开始在他们自己这一令人振奋的新研究领域展开研究。The whole direction of primate research changed.灵长类动物的整个研究方向改变了。However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. 然而，批评者认为Washoe只学会了看它的教师的手语重复动作。They said she had never developed true language skills. 他们说Washoe从来没有发展真正的语言技能。Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. 即使是现在，也有一些研究表明灵长类动物学习手语只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质刺激的结果。Yet Washoes keepers disagree. 可是Washoe的饲养员不同意这种说法。Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardner