介孔材料制备及分离稀土金属研究-毕业论文.doc

本 科 毕 业 设 计（论文） 介孔材料制备及分离稀土金属研究 学 院 专 业 　　 学生姓名 　　 班级学号 　 指导教师 　 摘 要 本文以有序介孔氧化硅SBA-15为模板，以蔗糖为碳前躯体，采用硬模板法制备介孔碳材料；利用SEM、EDS表征分析介孔碳材料的表面形貌和微区成分元素种类和含量；以介孔碳材料为吸附剂，分离稀土金属镧；以单因素法探究了体系pH值、吸附剂投加量、镧离子初始浓度、吸附温度及时间对吸附剂吸附分离稀土金属性能的影响，并拟合等温吸附模型，结果如下： 从介孔碳材料的扫描电子显微镜图片可以看出，材料的比表面积较大，且表面有大量的孔隙，孔道结构规则有序，增强了介孔碳的吸附能力。 通过观察分析介孔碳材料的能谱图可以得出，材料里面含量最多的是C和O。 在吸附实验中，通过单因素考察，发现当介孔碳材料的投加量为0.25 g，吸附温度为35，吸附时间为100 min，吸附浓度为40 mg/L，稀土镧离子溶液pH值为8时，介孔碳材料对镧离子吸附效果最佳，吸附率达到了90%以上。 实验结果表明，介孔碳材料对稀土镧离子的吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型，介孔碳材料对稀土镧离子的吸附属于多分子层吸附。 关键词：介孔碳；稀土；镧离子；吸附 Abstract In this paper, mesoporous carbon materials were prepared by using rigid mesoporous silica SBA-15 as the template and sucrose as the carbon precursor. The surface morphology and microstructures of the mesoporous carbon were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The effects of pH value, dosage of adsorbent, initial concentration of lanthanum ion, adsorption temperature and time on the adsorption of rare earth metal on the adsorbent were investigated by means of single factor method. The effect of the properties and the fitting of the isothermal adsorption model results as follows: (1) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of mesoporous carbon materials can be seen that the specific surface area of ??the material is large, and the surface has a largenumber of pores, the channel structure is regular and orderly, and the adsorption capacity of mesoporous carbon is enhanced. (2) By observing the analysis of mesoporous carbon energy spectrum can be drawn, the material which is the most content of C and O. (3) In the process of adsorption experiment, it was found that when the intercalation amount of mesoporous carbon material was 0.25 g, the adsorption temperature was 35 ℃, the adsorption time was 100 min, the adsorption concentration was 40 mg / L, the rare earth lanthanum ion When the pH value of the