皖南目连戏和其声腔曲牌之研究.pdf

皖南目连戏及其声腔曲牌之研究 摘 要 目连戏是一种古老的以戏曲形式呈现的民间祭祀仪式剧，以其 千百年的积淀而蕴藏着极其丰富的文化内涵。目连戏缘自佛教经 典，经过千百年来的发展、演变，佛、道、儒、巫傩等思想逐渐杂 糅其中，形成了各地独具特色的目连文化网络。目连文化反映了中 国民众在信仰、思维方式、文化心理、社会制度以及行为模式上所 特有的农耕文化的特质。皖南目连戏历史久远，而皖南地区文化积 淀厚重，同时又是影响几遍全国的《目连救母劝善记》戏文的作者 ——明代儒生郑之珍的故乡，因此，皖南目连戏是明中叶以后目连 文化在皖南的缩影。因目连戏古老的形态及其传承的相对稳定性， 它较多地保存了南戏的初始形态。其中的声腔、曲牌是中国传统音 乐的重要载体，同时也是研究我国戏曲音乐和传统音乐的宝贵资 料，它们的流变体现着中国传统音乐继承和发展的脉络。其中的祭 祀仪式是古老的巫傩文化在后世的一种演变形态，依然保持着原始 文化高度综合、混沌不可分的特征。集多种文化形态于一身的目连 戏，是我国传统文化中的一块瑰宝，对它的认识和再认识体现了我 们对待传统、继承传统和保护传统的态度。 关键词：皖南目连戏, 声腔 , 曲牌 ,研究 South Anhui Mulian Opera: Its Tune and Tune Name ABSTRACT Mulian Opera is a folk show of sacrificial rites in the form of a traditional opera and with a rich store of cultural menaning. Driving from the Buddhist Scripture, it has a long history and has developed into a Mulian cultural network with local flavours at different places. Involving a variety of thoughts, such as Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism, and Witchcraft, Mulian Opera reflects the unique nature of the farming culture of the Chinese people in their belief, mode of thinking, mentality, social system, and manner of behaviour. South Anhui Mulian Opera is a miniature of Mulian culture in South Anhui, the birthplace of Zheng Zhizheng, who was a Confucian scholar of Ming Dynasty and the author of the script of a well-known morality play “Mulian Saves Mother”. Owing to the relative stability of it’s ancient form and way of inheritance, Mulian Opera retains the original form of Nanxi . Its tune and tune name(musical form) are carriers of the troditional Chinese music and the valuable material for researcher into the troditional Chinese music and the troditional Chinese opera music,