电磁场与电磁波课件(电子科大)FWEJ-Ch.10.ppt

If only the far-zone fields are considered, and the viewing distance is much greater than the size of the array, the lines joining the elemental antennas and the field point P can be taken to be parallel. Since the orientation of the elemental antennas is the same, the directions of their fields are the same as well. In this way, the resultant field of the array is equal to the scalar sum of the fields of the elemental antennas, so that I x z y ? d d d ? ? ? ? n 4 3 1 2 I e- j? I e- j2? I e- j3? I e- j(n-1)? dcos? r1 r4 r3 r2 rn P As the orientations of the elemental antennas are uniform, we have The radiation field of the i-th elemental antenna can be written as For a uniform linear array, since all elemental antennas are the same, we have For the far-zone fields, we can take Considering all of the above results, we find the resultant field of the array with n elemental antennas as Let Then, the amplitude of the resultant field of the n-element array can be expressed as where is called the array factor. Since the array is placed along the z-axis, the directivity factor is a function of the elevation angle ? only. If the directivity factor of an array is denoted as , then it follows from above that where f1(?,?) is the directivity factor of the elemental antenna, and fn(?,?) is called the array factor. The directivity factor of the uniform linear array is equal to the product of the element factor and the array factor. This is the principle of pattern multiplication. The array factor is related to the number n, the separation d, and the phase difference ? of the elemental antennas. We know that Proper variation of the number, the separation, and the phase of the elemental antenna will change the directivity of an array. The array factor is maximum if . It means that the spatial phase difference (kdcos? ) is just cancel