prosthetic alignment and biomechanics 假肢对线和生物力学dr .ppt

Whip 击地 Occur at toe-off 发生在脚趾离地时 Causes原因： Improper ligament of knee bolt in the transverse plane 膝关节螺栓在水平面对线不当 The socket is too tight 接受腔太紧 Improperly contoured to accommodate muscle contractions 不当轮廓，以适应肌肉收缩 Medial whip Lateral whip Foot slap 假腳拍地 The prosthetic foot plantarflexes excessively and hits the floor at foot flat 假肢足跖屈太多，在脚平放时拍打地面 Cause: Plantar-flexion bumper durometer is too low 原因：假脚后跟缓冲器太软 Uneven heel rise不均匀的足跟著地 The heel of the prosthetic side rises more or less than that of the sound limb, from toe-off to mid-swing 由脚趾离地时到中摇摆期，假肢方脚跟比健全肢体上升较多或较少 Cause of excessive heel rise原因： Not enough knee friction 膝盖摩擦不足 No enough extension aid 助伸装置不足 Excessive hip flexion 髋关节过度屈曲 Terminal impact假肢摆动末期膝关节撞击 The prosthetic shank comes to a sudden stop, with visible and audible impacts at full extension at terminal swing 假肢小腿部分在摆动末期全展时突然停止，并出现耳闻目睹的撞击。 Causes原因： Not enough knee friction 膝盖摩擦不足 Too much extension aid 助伸装置太多 Fear of inadvertent knee flexion 恐惧无意的膝关节屈曲 Extension stop of the knee is too hard 膝盖伸延停止器太硬 Excessive lordosis 腰椎前凸 Excessive lumbar lordosis when the prosthesis is in stance, and the trunk may bend posteriorly 当假肢站立时，过多的腰椎前凸，而且躯干可能向后弯曲 Causes原因： Hip flexion contracture 髋关节屈曲挛缩 Not enough socket flexion 接受腔屈曲不足 Not enough anterior brim support 前部边缘没有足够的的支持 Foot rotation at heel strike假肢在足跟著地時旋转 When the heel contacts the ground, it rotates laterally, sometimes medially 当脚跟接触地面，有时向外旋转，有时向内旋转 Cause原因： The SACH heel cushion is too hard SACH足跟垫太硬 Plantar flexion bumper of the single-axis foot is too hard 假脚的后缓冲器太硬 * * Prosthetic alignment and biomechanics假肢对线和生物力学Dr. Winson Leehtwinson@polyu.edu.hk Bench alignment工作台对线 Initial relationship between socket, knee and foot, before fitting on the amputee 安装上截肢者之前，初步接受腔，膝和脚之间的关系。 Static alignment静态对线 Dynamic alignment动态对线 Begin after all suitable adjustments made during static alignments 适当的静态对线调整后开始 Mal-alignment will affect comfort and stability 不良对线会影响舒适性和稳定性 Bench alig