300 苏南地区村镇住宅能耗设备现状与建筑节能调查.docVIP

苏南地区村镇住宅能耗设备现状和建筑节能调查* 冯小平1 吴航明2 朱恺宁1 刘文化1 1.江南大学环境与土木工程学院，无锡，214122 2.江南计算技术研究所，无锡，214081 摘要：对苏南地区村镇住宅建筑现状、耗能设备的拥有量、空调设备使用情况、居民对建筑节能的理解和认识等内容进行了调查和分析。调查结果表明：村镇住宅围护结构一般无保温隔热措施，外围护结构总体保温隔热性能较差。村镇居民家庭家用电器的普及率较高，特别是空调器的普及，能耗将逐年增大，给供电带来很大压力。绝大多数村镇居民对建筑节能和节能政策了解甚少，有必要加大宣传力度，引导消费者正确掌握运用建筑节能知识和措施，挖掘建筑节能潜力。 关键词：问卷调查； 村镇住宅建筑；能耗；建筑节能；苏南地区 Survey and analysis on power-wasting facility of the residential buildings and building energy conservation in southern region of Jiangsu Zhangpengfei Feng Xiaoping Huangweimin School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University,Wuxi,214122 Abstract A survey has been made to investigate the energy-consumption mode and level, terminal power-consumption constitution in residential buildings in southern region of Jiangsu. The statistical analysis was made on the aspects of energy consumption and energy-saving, including possession of power-wasting facility, power-wasting condition, the tendency of air-conditioner consumption, residents’ usage habits on air-conditioners and residents’ knowledge and comprehension of building energy saving. The results show that power-consumption facilities are widely used in town residential house so that power-wasting is grow rapidly. In addition, a lot of residents are not familiar with building energy saving and national energy saving policy, so it is necessary to attach importance to propaganda and guide consumers to learn building energy saving knowledge and excavate the energy-saving potentiality. Key words: survey; residential building; energy consumption; building energy conservation 1 引言 随着我国经济的快速发展，我国村镇居民可支配收人的增加，各种家用电气产品进入居民家庭。各种现代化设备的使用一方面提高了人民的生活质量和生活水平，另一方面，促使电力消耗的进一步增长，特别是空调进一步普及，给电力供应带来一定的影响，用电呈现出高峰不足、低谷有余的问题。对于夏热冬冷地区苏南地区气候来说，夏天热，冬天冷，湿度大，村镇建筑围护结构的保温隔热性能差，更将导致建筑能耗进一步加大。 为了解现今苏南地区村镇居民家庭的家用电器的拥有量、家庭用能情况及空调消费趋势等情况，于2007年8月在苏南地区的无锡、江阴和宜兴进行了一次名为住宅能耗调查的抽样） 图1 家庭常住人口分布图 图2 被调查家庭建筑面积分布图（m2） 3. 住宅建筑现状 为了解村镇居民的住宅现状，对住宅的建筑类型、建造年份、结构形式、外墙装饰材料、窗户玻璃类型进行了调查。其统计结果如图3、图4、图5和图6所示。 图3 住宅的建筑